Abstract: Apparatus for controlling the operation of a biomass stove utilizes three proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers as part of a closed loop to control the fuel feed rate, the convection fan speed and the combustion fan speed. The first loop controls room temperature, the second loop controls the convection fan speed and the third loop controls the combustion fan. Appropriate temperature readings are utilized for the first and second loop. The third loop, which utilized feedback of the ratio between the heat exchanger temperature to the exhaust temperature, in addition to measuring these temperatures also references a library of look-up tables of such ratios over the entire heat range of the stove that have been correlated to combustion efficiency, as an input. This enables the operator to optimize the heat output for any operating point.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlling the operation of a biomass stove utilizes three proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers as part of a closed loop to control the fuel feed rate, the convection fan speed and the combustion fan speed. The first loop controls room temperature, the second loop controls the convection fan speed and the third loop controls the combustion fan. Appropriate temperature readings are utilized for the first and second loop. The third loop, which utilized feedback of the ratio between the heat exchanger temperature to the exhaust temperature, in addition to measuring these temperatures also references a library of look-up tables of such ratios over the entire heat range of the stove that have been correlated to combustion efficiency, as an input. This enables the operator to optimize the heat output for any operating point.

Abstract: A heating apparatus for the combustion of highly variable biofuel feed stocks is generally provided. The apparatus generally includes a combustion chamber or burn box adapted to receive a regulated feed of biomass. The burn box includes a grate for receipt of a distributed mass of the regulated feed, and further includes an oscillating blade adjacent to the grate for agitation of the distributed mass of the regulated feed received thereby. The combustion apparatus for the production of thermal energy from a biofuel of the subject invention is preferably and further characterized by means for producing the distributed mass of the regulated feed of biofuel, and/or a burn box incorporating an oxygen manifold assembly adjacent to the grate.

Abstract: An abrasive article includes a substrate having opposed first and second surfaces, a make coat on at least a portion of the first surface, abrasive mineral particles on at least a portion of the make coat to provide an abrasive surface and a size coat arranged over at least a portion of the abrasive surface, wherein the size coat has a Young's modulus of less than 100,000 psi.

Abstract: Naphthalate polyester articles can be coated with polymerizable compositions containing a vinyl-functional crosslinkable film former, a large amount of benzotriazole and a copolymerizable monomer that solubilizes the benzotriazole. The cured compositions help protect the naphthalate polyester from UV exposure and other weathering effects.

Abstract: An abrasive article for a grinder having a motor-driven, externally-threaded spindle. The abrasive article includes a molded abrasive disk with an integrally molded fastener. The molded abrasive disk includes abrasive particles disbursed in a binder. The molded abrasive disk has a first major surface, a second major surface and an integrally molded fastener. The fastener has a body portion with an aperture and first and second ends, an outwardly extending flange with a front surface at the first end, and an inwardly extending flange including a single internal thread at the second end. The fastener is molded into the molded abrasive disk so that the front surface does not extend above the first major surface.

Abstract: Plastic articles can be coated with polymerizable compositions containing a vinyl-functional crosslinkable film former, a large amount of benzotriazole and a copolymerizable monomer that solubilizes the benzotriazole. The cured compositions help protect the article from UV exposure and other weathering effects.

Abstract: Naphthalate polyester articles can be coated with polymerizable compositions containing a vinyl-functional crosslinkable film former, a large amount of benzotriazole and a copolymerizable monomer that solubilizes the benzotriazole. The cured compositions help protect the naphthalate polyester from UV exposure and other weathering effects.

Abstract: Plastic articles can be coated with polymerizable compositions containing a vinyl-functional crosslinkable film former, a large amount of benzotriazole and a copolymerizable monomer that solubilizes the benzotriazole. The cured compositions help protect the article from UV exposure and other weathering effects.

Abstract: A universal abrasive article adapted to mount on a mounting surface of a sanding machine having a plurality of dust extraction holes that define an open area. The abrasive article includes a plurality of discrete apertures that are sized and positioned so as to expose a majority of the open area of the dust extraction holes independent of the angular orientation of the abrasive article when the abrasive article is in registration with the mounting surface. The discrete apertures may include elongated, arcuate slots that may be symmetrically positioned about a center point of the abrasive article. In one embodiment, the discrete apertures may include seven arcuate slots. These embodiments also include sufficient abrasive material to provide adequate sanding cut rate and structural integrity during use and removal.

Abstract: An abrasive article for a grinder having a motor-driven, externally-threaded spindle. The abrasive article includes a molded abrasive disk with an integrally molded fastener. The molded abrasive disk includes abrasive particles disbursed in a binder. The molded abrasive disk has a first major surface, a second major surface and an integrally molded fastener. The fastener has a body portion with an aperture and first and second ends, an outwardly extending flange with a front surface at the first end, and an inwardly extending flange including a single internal thread at the second end. The fastener is molded into the molded abrasive disk so that the front surface does not extend above the first major surface.

Abstract: The invention provides a flexible abrasive product comprising a flexible sheet-like substrate comprising a multiplicity of separated resilient bodies connected to each other in a generally planar array in a pattern which provides open spaces between adjacent connected bodies, each body having a first surface and an opposite second surface; and abrasive particles to cause at least the first surface to be an abrasive surface. A method of making the abrasive is provided by providing the substrate and providing abrasive particles to at least the first surface to provide an abrasive surface.

Abstract: The invention provides a flexible abrasive product comprising a flexible sheet-like substrate comprising a multiplicity of separated resilient bodies connected to each other in a generally planar array in a pattern which provides open spaces between adjacent connected bodies, each body having a first surface and an opposite second surface; and abrasive particles to cause at least the first surface to be an abrasive surface. A method of making the abrasive is provided by providing the substrate and providing abrasive particles to at least the first surface to provide an abrasive surface.

Abstract: A universal abrasive article adapted to mount on a mounting surface of a sanding machine having a plurality of dust extraction holes that define an open area. The abrasive article includes a plurality of discrete apertures that are sized and positioned so as to expose a majority of the open area of the dust extraction holes independent of the angular orientation of the abrasive article when the abrasive article is in registration with the mounting surface. The discrete apertures may include elongated, arcuate slots that may be symmetrically positioned about a center point of the abrasive article. In one embodiment, the discrete apertures may include seven arcuate slots. These embodiments also include sufficient abrasive material to provide adequate sanding cut rate and structural integrity during use and removal.

Abstract: The present invention, in one embodiment, provides a testing apparatus for electronic components to monitor their behavior at elevated temperatures. The invention comprises a transport belt with at least one carrier attached to the transport belt, the carrier being capable of retaining an electronic component. The carriers are adapted to contact bus bars positioned adjacent the transport belt to electrically connect a component retained by the carrier to an electrical power supply. The apparatus includes means for ramping up the electrical power applied to the component from an initial low voltage to a second, testing voltage.

Abstract: An improved bridge-type hot-wire constant overheat anemometer having current controlled temperature compensation circuitry, whereby matched sensors may be employed. Independent voltage sensing and current supply paths along with high impedance cross-coupled velocity sensing circuitry assures device accuracy.

Abstract: An operator for a casement-type window having a frame and a sash mounted by a slider adjacent an edge of the sash for rotational opening and closing movement about a slider pivot axis with linear movement of the slider. The operator has a first sector gear fixed to the sash with the gear center offset relative to said slider pivot axis and a second gear meshing with the sector gear and functioning as a drive gear with a first link functioning to hold said gears in meshed relation and a constraining link connectable between the sash and the window frame with the constraining link and said first link acting to guide the opening and closing movements of the sash.

Abstract: An operator for a casement-type window sash which is mounted adjacent one edge thereof on slider structure for combined pivoting and linear movement comprising, a first structure for causing said combined pivoting and linear movement including a first linkage having an operating arm and a connecting link which is pivotally connected to the operating arm intermediate the ends thereof and also pivotally connected to said sash and a constraining link pivotally connected to a window sill and to the sash at a distance from said edge.

Abstract: An operator for a casement-type window having an openable sash mounted adjacent one edge thereof for combined pivoting and linear movement of said sash edge relative to a window frame. The operator includes a first operator arm rotatable about a fixed axis and having an end adapted for movable engagement with the sash at a distance from said one edge of the sash to impart a rotational force to the sash, a second operator arm and a connecting link pivotally connected between said second operator arm and the sash adjacent said edge, and said second operator arm being pivotally mounted on the first operator arm, with there being intermeshing drive gears fixed one to each of said arms, with one gear being a drive gear and the other gear being a driven gear.