Abstract: This invention relates to ruthenium complex-based photosensitizer dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells, which have a general structural formula represented by formula (I).

Abstract: The embodiments described herein relate to photosensitizer dyes for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) devices. In one example, a series of photosensitizer dyes for DSSC devices that have a high absorption coefficient and conversion efficiency, lower cost and better safety, are provided. The photosensitizer dyes are porphyrin-based zinc (Zn) complexes.

Abstract: This invention relates to photosensitizer dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells. The photosensitizer dyes are porphyrin-based zinc complexes represented by the following general formulae (100) and (200). wherein A is represented by one of the following formulae (111)˜(118), wherein Z1˜Z10 independently represent a hydrogen atom (H), lithium (Li), sodium (Na), or tetra-alkyl ammonium group (as represented by the following general formula (120)), wherein X1˜X4 independently represent CmH2m+1 (m=1˜6), and B, C, D, and E independently represent one of the following formulae (131)˜(140), wherein Ra˜Rz are independently selected from the group consisting of H, CmH2m+1 (m=1˜15), OCpH2p+1 (p=1˜15), CH2[OC2H4]nOCH3 (n=1˜30), and [OC2H4]qOCH3 (q=1˜30).

Abstract: The present invention discloses a dye-sensitized solar cell structure and a method for fabricating the same. The method of the present invention comprises forming insulation layers on a titanium plate; forming a plurality of titanium dioxide units on the titanium plate each containing a plurality of titanium dioxide nanotubes, wherein each insulation layer is arranged in between two adjacent titanium dioxide units; making the titanium dioxide units absorb a photosensitive dye; forming a transparent conductive film over the insulation layers and the titanium dioxide units; and filling an electrolyte into spaces each enclosed by the transparent conductive film, the titanium dioxide unit, the insulation layers. The present invention not only increases the electron transmission efficiency and photoelectric conversion efficiency but also promote the uniformity of the semiconductor layer.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a grooved dye-sensitized solar cell structure and a method for fabricating the same. The method of the present invention comprises providing a titanium plate having at least one groove; forming insulation layers on the grooves; forming a plurality of titanium dioxide units on the titanium plate each containing a plurality of titanium dioxide nanotubes, wherein each groove is arranged in between two adjacent titanium dioxide units; making the titanium dioxide units absorb a photosensitive dye; forming a transparent conductive film over the insulation layers and the titanium dioxide units; and filling an electrolyte into spaces each enclosed by the transparent conductive film, the titanium dioxide unit, the insulation layers. The present invention not only increases the electron transmission efficiency and photoelectric conversion efficiency but also promote the uniformity of the semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A loop system capable of auto-calibrating an oscillating frequency range includes a frequency error detector, a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), a voltage input unit, and a switch. The frequency error detector includes a rotational frequency detector, a state machine, and an up-down counter. The rotational frequency detector is used for comparing the reference frequency and the feedback frequency. The state machine is used for determining an auto-calibration state. The up-down counter is used for generating the second control signal or the coarse-lock-state signal. The VCO is used for selecting to operate at one of a plurality of frequency operating curves so as to generate an oscillating signal. The voltage input unit is used for providing a fixed voltage to the VCO. The switch is used for switching the VCO to couple to the voltage input unit or to couple to a fine frequency tuner.

Abstract: A loop system capable of auto-calibrating an oscillating frequency range includes a frequency error detector, a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), a voltage input unit, and a switch. The frequency error detector includes a rotational frequency detector, a state machine, and an up-down counter. The rotational frequency detector is used for comparing the reference frequency and the feedback frequency. The state machine is used for determining an auto-calibration state. The up-down counter is used for generating the second control signal or the coarse-lock-state signal. The VCO is used for selecting to operate at one of a plurality of frequency operating curves so as to generate an oscillating signal. The voltage input unit is used for providing a fixed voltage to the VCO. The switch is used for switching the VCO to couple to the voltage input unit or to couple to a fine frequency tuner.

Abstract: A dye-sensitized solar cell comprises a metal substrate, a photosensitive dye, a transparent substrate, an insulating unit and an electrolytic solution. The metal substrate is made of titanium or titanium alloy and is used as an anode. A titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin film is provided on the surface of the metal substrate, and consists of a plurality of arranged TiO2 nanotubes. The photosensitive dye is absorbed on the surface of the metal substrate. A cathode is provided on a surface of the transparent substrate whose transparent part is a euphotic zone through which light can be irradiated to the photosensitive dye. The insulating unit is located between the anode and the cathode. The electrolytic solution fills the space between the anode and the cathode and surrounded by the insulating unit. A method for manufacturing the same is also disclosed.

Abstract: A card connector comprises an insulating housing (1), at least a first set of contacts (2) and a second set of contacts (3) retained in the insulating housing (1) and a defend mechanism (6); the insulating housing (1) defines a card receiving space with a card inserting direction; the defend mechanism (6) disposes in the housing and comprising a step portion protruding into the card receiving space and a restorable portion extending from the step portion; the step portion divides the card receiving space into at least two card cavities according to external dimensions of the different cards and deflects between the two card cavities and protruding into one card cavity once a card inserted into the other card cavity; the restorable portion for urging the step portion to resume its original position once the card withdrew from the other cavity.