Abstract: The invention determines cell to fat ratio statistic, applicable in the field of pathology, in a greatly improved manner over manual or prior art scoring techniques. The cellular areas are identified and displayed in an easy to read format on the computer monitor, printer output or other display means, with average cellularity, nuclear quantity distribution at a glance. These output data are an objective transformation of the subjective visible image that the pathologist or scientist relies upon for diagnosis, prognosis, or monitoring therapeutic perturbations. The invention uses multi-stage thresholding and segmentation algorithms in RGB and HSB spaces, auto-thresholding on red and blue channels in RGB to get the raw working image of all cells, then refines the working image with thresholding on hue and intensity channels in HSB using an adaptive parameter epsilon in entropy mode, and further separates different groups of cells within the same class, by auto-thresholding within the working image region.

Abstract: An automatic gain control (AGC) for use in a digital radio receiver that allows at least two types of input signal to be processed using a single receiver front end by supporting two modes of operation, each optimized for one particular signal type, and a third mode not optimized for either. The AGC enables smooth switching between the optimized modes of operation via the non-optimized mode. By measuring a difference in the strength between the demodulated signals, and comparing that to two preset values, the AGC controls which mode of operation to place the receiver in. Modes of operation are maintained by adjusting the gain of a variable gain amplifier (VGA), so that an appropriate incoming signal is amplified to a level that is suitable for an analogue-to-digital (ADC) converter. The AGC is compatible with existing satellite digital audio radio system (SDARS) transmission capabilities.

Abstract: An automated method for rapidly analyzing percentage of positive cells from immunostained tissue sections is disclosed. The method is an improved multi-stage dynamic thresholding series of steps applied to monochromatic gray-scale values of color channels of digital image of tissue. The method requires color digital images of tissue. The method discloses sequential stages to obtain a step-wise progression of preliminary image planes iteratively combined to obtain a final immunostained and non-immunostained images of cells of the same cell class. The final results are segmented cells that are digitally countable. The percent of immunostained cells over the total cells are calculated in tissue section. The cell characteristics, including cell size and its immunostaining intensity are captured and digitally stored per cell. The segmented single cell color image as well as the corresponding cell characteristic are displayed as a dot plot two-dimensional flow cytometry-like manner.

Abstract: A secondary satellite radio or broadcast channel is used to broadcast advertisement clips (e.g., audio clips) to a receiver for subsequent decoding and playback. The receiver is configured for different tiers of service, e.g., one that delivers substantially advertising-free content and another that delivers content that includes more significant amounts of advertising. The content delivered to both is the same content; however, for the service tier that includes more advertising, the advertisements broadcast on the secondary channel are interleaved into the content, preferably in such a way that the continuity of the content being delivered is not compromised.

Abstract: The invention determines cell to fat ratio statistic, applicable in the field of pathology, in a greatly improved manner over manual or prior art scoring techniques. The cellular areas are identified and displayed in an easy to read format on the computer monitor, printer output or other display means, with average cellularity, nuclear quantity distribution at a glance. These output data are an objective transformation of the subjective visible image that the pathologist or scientist relies upon for diagnosis, prognosis, or monitoring therapeutic perturbations. The invention uses multi-stage thresholding and segmentation algorithms in RGB and HSB spaces, auto-thresholding on red and blue channels in RGB to get the raw working image of all cells, then refines the working image with thresholding on hue and intensity channels in HSB using an adaptive parameter epsilon in entropy mode, and further separates different groups of cells within the same class, by auto-thresholding within the working image region.

Abstract: An automatic gain control (AGC) for a Satellite Digital Audio Radio Service (SDARS) receiver, a method of automatically controlling gain and a SDARS receiver incorporating the AGC or the method. In one embodiment, the AGC includes: (1) an AGC function selector configured to compare first and second time division multiplexed (TDM) power signals and a nonzero threshold and select an AGC function based thereon and (2) an AGC function applier associated with the AGC function selector and configured to apply the AGC function to the first and second TDM power signals to develop therefrom an AGC control signal.

Abstract: A secondary satellite radio or broadcast channel is used to broadcast advertisement clips (e.g., audio clips) to a receiver for subsequent decoding and playback. The receiver is configured for different tiers of service, e.g., one that delivers substantially advertising-free content and another that delivers content that includes more significant amounts of advertising. The content delivered to both is the same content; however, for the service tier that includes more advertising, the advertisements broadcast on the secondary channel are interleaved into the content, preferably in such a way that the continuity of the content being delivered is not compromised.

Abstract: A secondary satellite radio or broadcast channel is used to broadcast advertisement clips (e.g., audio clips) to a receiver for subsequent decoding and playback. The receiver is configured for different tiers of service, e.g., one that delivers substantially advertising-free content and another that delivers content that includes more significant amounts of advertising. The content delivered to both is the same content; however, for the service tier that includes more advertising, the advertisements broadcast on the secondary channel are interleaved into the content, preferably in such a way that the continuity of the content being delivered is not compromised.

Abstract: An automatic gain control (AGC) for use in a digital radio receiver that allows at least two types of input signal to be processed using a single receiver front end by supporting two modes of operation, each optimized for one particular signal type, and a third mode not optimized for either. The AGC enables smooth switching between the optimized modes of operation via the non-optimized mode. By measuring a difference in the strength between the demodulated signals, and comparing that to two preset values, the AGC which mode of operation to place the receiver in. Modes of operation are maintained by adjusting the gain of a variable gain amplifier (VGA), so that an appropriate incoming signal is amplified to a level that is suitable for an analogue-to-digital (ADC) converter. The AGC is compatible with existing satellite digital audio radio system (SDARS) transmission capabilities.

Abstract: The invention provides an automated method of single cell image analysis which determines cell population statistic, applicable in the field of pathology, disease or cancer diagnosis, in a greatly improved manner over manual or prior art scoring techniques. By combining the scientific advantages of computerized automation and the invented method, as well as the greatly increased speed with which population can be evaluated, the invention is a major improvement over methods currently available. The single cells are identified and displayed in an easy to read format on the computer monitor, printer output or other display means, with cell parameter such as cell size and staining distribution at a glance. These output data is an objective transformation of the subjective visible image that the pathologist or scientist relies upon for diagnosis, prognosis, or monitoring therapeutic perturbations.

Abstract: An automatic gain control (AGC) for a Satellite Digital Audio Radio Service (SDARS) receiver, a method of automatically controlling gain and a SDARS receiver incorporating the AGC or the method. In one embodiment, the AGC includes: (1) an AGC function selector configured to compare first and second time division multiplexed (TDM) power signals and a nonzero threshold and select an AGC function based thereon and (2) an AGC function applier associated with the AGC function selector and configured to apply the AGC function to the first and second TDM power signals to develop therefrom an AGC control signal.

Abstract: A content channel is periodically or permanently allocated for use as an “update channel” or “firmware-image download” channel. Any firmware images downloaded to receivers in the system are thoroughly tested prior to being distributed among the receivers. Header information is included in the firmware image when it is transmitted to the receivers, and the firmware image is not accepted for use by the receivers until it is verified on the receiver side. Further, rather than overwriting the existing firmware, the new validated firmware updates are stored separately on the receivers and are utilized when the receiver is rebooted during power-up or by the host controller. If, during this reboot process, an error occurs in the new firmware image, the receiver is configured to revert back to the original firmware image so that it will remain operational, albeit without the updated firmware features.

Abstract: A secondary satellite radio or broadcast channel is used to broadcast advertisement clips (e.g., audio clips) to a receiver for subsequent decoding and playback. The receiver is configured for different tiers of service, e.g., one that delivers substantially advertising-free content and another that delivers content that includes more significant amounts of advertising. The content delivered to both is the same content; however, for the service tier that includes more advertising, the advertisements broadcast on the secondary channel are interleaved into the content, preferably in such a way that the continuity of the content being delivered is not compromised.

Abstract: A system for, and method of, increasing sample rate converter filter coefficient derivation and running speed and a digital signal processor incorporating the system or the method. In one embodiment, the system includes: (1) a coefficient table containing a matrix of predefined filter coefficients for each of a plurality of alpha intervals and (2) an intra-range interpolator that adjusts the predefined filter coefficients for a specific alpha within the alpha interval to yield filter coefficients specific to the alpha.

Abstract: A system for, and method of, increasing sample rate converter filter coefficient derivation and running speed and a digital signal processor incorporating the system or the method. In one embodiment, the system includes: (1) a coefficient table containing a matrix of predefined filter coefficients for each of a plurality of alpha intervals and (2) an intra-range interpolator that adjusts the predefined filter coefficients for a specific alpha within the alpha interval to yield filter coefficients specific to the alpha.