Abstract: New optical brighteners of the general formula ##STR1## in which R denotes hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, cyclohexyl, methylcyclohexyl, benzyl, phenylethyl, phenyl, alkylphenyl or xylyl,X denotes a C.sub.2 -C.sub.7 -alkylene group or a bridge member of the formula --X.sup.1 --(OX.sup.2).sub.n -- in which X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 denote C.sub.2 H.sub.4 or C.sub.3 H.sub.7 and n denotes 1 or 2 and Me denotes a proton, an alkali metal cation or a cation NH.sub.2 R.sup.1 R.sup.2 in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent hydrogen, alkyl or hydroxyalkyl.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula ##STR1## in which n denotes 1 or 2,X denotes an OMe group,Me denotes a proton, an alkali metal cation or an optionally substituted ammonium cation,R denotes hydrogen, a lower alkyl group or halogen, and, in the event thatn is 1,X also denotes an --NR.sup.1 R.sup.2 group in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent hydrogen or a lower alkyl group,a process for their preparation and their use as optical brighteners, especially for polyamide fibers and wool.

Abstract: The process for the preparation of 2,4-di-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkoxy-1,3,5-triazinyl-6-pyrenes by reacting 2,4-dichloro-1,3,5-triazinyl-6-pyrene with alkali metal (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alcoholates is carried out in a mixture of a lower alkanol and an aprotic, dipolar organic solvent. The product, which is of importance as an optical brightener, is obtained in an improved state of purity as a result of using this mixture of solvents, and higher degrees of whiteness are obtained thereby.

Abstract: Cationic compounds of the formula (1) ##STR1## in which R denotes alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, phenylalkyl, or phenoxyalkyl,R' denotes alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, benzyl, or allyl andX.sup.(-) denotes a colorless anion, process for their manufacture and their use.

Abstract: Perfluoroalkyl esters of anthranilic acids, of the formula (1) ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is perfluoroalkyl or perfluoroalkoxy-perfluoroalkyl, R.sub.2 is hydrogen, alkyl or phenyl, R.sub.3 is one or more non-chromophoric radicals, such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, acylamino, carboxyl or functionally modified carboxyl groups, sulfo or functionally modified sulfo groups, or phenyl, X is the radical of an aliphatic or aromatic monocarboxylic or polycarboxylic acid, the radical of a halogen-active heterocyclic compound or an alkylaminocarbonyl or arylaminocarbonyl radical, m is an integer from 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 and n is an integer from 1 to 3. These compounds are useful for soil-repellent finishing of textile material.

Abstract: Cationic compounds of the formula (1) ##STR1## in which R denotes alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, phenylalkyl, or phenoxyalkyl,R' denotes alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, benzyl, or allyl andX.sup.(-) denotes a colorless anion,process for their manufacture and their use.

Abstract: Perfluoroalkyl esters of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 denotes C.sub.2 -C.sub.20, preferably C.sub.4 -C.sub.14 -perfluoroalkyl or perfluoroalkoxyperfluoroalkyl, R.sub.2 denotes C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 -alkylene, R.sub.3 denotes C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 -.omega.-epoxyalkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.18, preferably C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl, which can be substituted by 1 or 2 halogen atoms, preferably chlorine atoms, by hydroxyl groups, by a group of the formula ##STR2## by 1 to 3 groups of the formula --OCO--CX.dbd.CY--COO--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --R.sub.1 or by, in each case, one lower alkoxy, epoxy, lower acyloxy, lower alkoxycarbonyl, lower acylamino, lower hydroxylalkylthio, lower trialkylamino, lower trialkylammonium, phenyl, phenoxy or furanyl group or R.sub.3, in the case where b=0, also denotes C.sub.3 -C.sub.18 -alkenyl, which can be subsituted by hydroxyl groups or a phenyl group; C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -alkynyl, which can be substituted by hydroxyl groups; cyclohexyl; phenyl, which can be substituted by 1-3 C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Mixtures of optical brighteners consisting of 1 to 60% by weight of a brightener from the bisbenzoxazolylnaphthalene series and 99 to 40% by weight of one or more brighteners of the formulae 2 to 10 listed in the description.

Abstract: Mixtures of optical brighteners composed of(a) 1 to 99% by weight of one or more compounds of the formula (1) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 can be identical or different and denote hydrogen, chlorine, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 carbalkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy and(b) 99 to 1% by weight of one or more compounds of the formulae ##STR2## in which n denotes 0 or 1, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 denote identical or different radicals from the group comprising hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, phenyl, trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, alkoxy, cyano, carboxyl, carboalkoxy, carboxamide or alkyl sulfonates, and two adjacent radicals R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 together can also represent a benzene ring, a lower alkylene group or a 1,3-dioxapropylene group, and B denotes a cyano group, a carboxylate group or a carboxamide group or a 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl group, a 1,3,5-oxadiazol-2-yl group, a phenyl group or a 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl group.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of naphthalene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, wherein 4-bromo-1-naphthoic acid is reacted with at least 1 mole of copper-(I) cyanide per mole of 4-bromonaphthoic acid in a polar, aprotic solvent, and the copper salt complex of 4-cyanonaphthoic acid thus obtained is saponified in an alkaline medium.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of naphthalene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, which comprises reacting 1,4-dihalogenonaphthalene with at least 2 moles of copper-I cyanide per mole of dihalogenonaphthalene in a polar, aprotic solvent and subjecting the copper salt complex of 1,4-dicyanonaphthalene thus obtained to alkaline hydrolysis.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula (1) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 denotes hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy or, conjointly with R.sub.2, a fused benzo ring, R.sub.2 denotes hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, phenyl, cyano, carboalkoxy, carboxyl, carbonamido, monoalkylcarbonamido, dialkylcarbonamido, sulfo, alkylsulfonyl, alkyloxysulfonyl, sulfonamido, monoalkylsulfonamido or dialkylsulfonamido or, conjointly with R.sub.3, a fused benzo ring, R.sub.3 has the same meaning as R.sub.2, R.sub.4 denotes hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen or, conjointly with R.sub.3, a fused benzo ring, R.sub.5 denotes alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, optionally substituted aralkyl, cyanoethyl, cycloalkyl or a group of the formulae --CH.sub.2 CN, --CH.sub.2 CONH.sub.2 or --CH.sub.2 COO--alkyl, A denotes a group of the formulae ##STR2## or--(CH.sub.2).sub.4 --R.sub.6 denotes hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aralkyl or optionally substituted phenyl, n denotes 1, 2 or 3 and X.sup.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of optically brightening bis-benzofuranyl compounds by cyclization of compounds of the formula ##STR1## in aprotic solvents and in the presence of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonates.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula ##STR1## in which X represents a trifluoromethyl group or a fluorine atom, n is 1 or 2, Z is an oxygen atom or a NR grouping, in which R is hydrogen or an optionally substituted alkyl group, the benzo rings optionally containing further nonchromophoric substituents. These compounds may be prepared by reacting the dichloride of 1,4-naphthalene-dicarboxylic acid with 2 mols of an o-aminophenol or of an o-nitroaniline and by subsequently cyclizing the acylamino compound obtained. The products are suitable as optical brighteners.

Abstract: Novel 1,3,4-oxadiazolone-(2) compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein Y denotes carboxy optionally functionally modified or optionally substituted phenyl or a five-membered heterocycle optionally substituted and selected from the group consisting of: furan, thiophen, oxazole, imidazole, oxadiazole, oxadiazolone, triazole, benzofuran, thionaphthalene, benzoxazole, benzimidazole, and benzotriazole, R denotes hydrogen, alkyl or optionally substituted phenyl, n denotes 0 and 1 and the rings A and B carry optionally further non-chromophoric substituents. These compounds may be used as optical brighteners.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is O or S, A is a group of the formula ##STR2## and R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are non-chromophorous substituents. They are prepared by reacting a 4'-benzoxa(thia)zolyl-2-stilbene-4-carbonic acid chloride with an amidoxim containing the group R.sub.3 or by reacting a 4'-benzoxa(thia)zolyl-2-stilbene-4-amidoxime with an acid chloride containing the group R.sub.3.These compounds are used as optical brighteners.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of sulfonated bis-[benzofuranyl-(2)] compounds by treating the corresponding unsulfonated bis-[benzofuranyl-(3)] compounds with sulfuric acid having a content of from 90 to 100% and isolating the mono- and polysulfonic acids formed as such or after conversion into their salts.

Abstract: Mixtures of optical brighteners containing 0.05 to 1% of a 4-benzoxazolystilbene derivative and 1 to 0.05% of a 1,4-bis-benzoxazolyl- or bis-benzthiazolyl-naphthalene derivative. These mixtures show a higher degree of whiteness than an equal amount of only one of the two components.

Abstract: Furanyl-(2)-1,2,4-oxadiazoles of the formula ##STR1## wherein A represents an aromatic mononuclear or binuclear ring system which with two adjacent carbon atoms is fused with the furan nucleus in the manner indicated,R represents hydrogen, a lower alkyl group, an optionally substituted phenyl group, as well as an optionally functionally modified carboxy group,X represents a direct bond, as well as the following divalent radicals ##STR2## B represents a straight-chained or branched, optionally substituted alkyl group or an optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl group.These compounds are suitable for the optical brightening of high molecular weight organic substances, especially for textile materials of synthetic polymers.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R represents hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical which may be further substituted, n is an integer of from 1 to 4, and which may contain further non-chromophoric substituents. They are prepared by reaction of the dichloride of naphthalene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid with an o-aminophenol and subsequent ring closure. These compounds can be used as optical brighteners.