Abstract: A process for measuring the hysteresis curve of magnetic materials comprises the generation of a magnetic field of varying amplitude, placing the sample to be measured into that field with a measuring coil and a potential coil attached thereto, integrating the signals from those coils to provide simultaneous values of flux density B and internal field intensity H, recording and storing the B and H values and converting these values to digital units in a transient recorder in real time and then feeding these signals to an X-Y recorder, a printer or other display device at a slower rate of speed to provide a hysteresis curve, or a display of programmed values of magnetic characteristics of the sample being measured.

Abstract: A process for demagnetizing components by subjecting them to the influences of the alternating magnetic field of a coil supplied by an oscillator circuit which includes a capacitor also includes providing a voltage supply to the oscillator at the resonant frequency and thereafter reducing the intensity of the alternating field acting on the components. This can be done in several ways, such as by varying the frequency of the supply voltage or by varying the capacitance connected in circuit with the coil. The process may also be used for calibrating permanent magnets.

Abstract: Apparatus for magnetizing permanent magnet bodies to provide them with narrow magnetic poles of alternating polarity consists of arranging an array of pairs of magnetizing conductors in such a manner that when each of the two conductors of each pair are connected in series each of the pairs of conductors can be connected in parallel directly to the two common magnetizing current supply leads.

Abstract: Apparatus for magnetizing circular permanent magnet convergence rings used in kinescopes comprises a number of separate coils wound in composite fashion on one or more pole pieces of a magnetizing device which surrounds the convergence ring, selected groups of these coils being connected with individual magnetizing and demagnetizing circuits chosen to impart a complex multi-polar magnetization to a convergence ring by simultaneous actuation of these circuits.

Abstract: The magnetic field which is required to hold image-forming toner particles on the tubular carrier of electrographic copiers is provided by single piece integrally formed permanent magnet bodies extending from end to end of the tubular carrier, the latter comprising a thin layer of ferromagnetic material to reduce the effect on inhomogeneities which may exist in the magnet bodies.

Abstract: An electrical impulse generator circuit utilizes a capacitor to capture the energy stored in an inductance immediately after the high current discharge is fired.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring the magnetic moment M of a body consists of generating a magnetic field by means of a permanent magnet having high coercive field strength and low recoil permeability .mu..sub.r, with a measuring coil positioned in the magnet field to make measurements when the body is moved in that field.

Abstract: The calibration of magnetic gauges used for measuring the thickness of a layer applied to a base can be accomplished by the use of a test sheet composed of an essentially uncoated material which exerts a lesser influence on the gauge for a given thickness than the material comprising the base upon which the measured layer is applied. An uncoated test sheet of a certain thickness, when brought into contact with the pole piece of a thickness gauge, will produce a reading equivalent to that produced when the gauge measures a layer of predetermined thickness applied to the usual base material. For calibrating a gauge used to measure the thickness of a non-magnetic layer on a ferromagnetic base, the test sheet may be a material of less magnetic conductivity, permeability and/or saturation than that of the usual base material. A non-limitative example of a material suitable for use as a test sheet is pure nickel.

Abstract: A mold for producing anisotropic permanent magnets consists of a cavity defined by a thin-walled tubular lining element closely surrounded by an electrical field coil, reinforced by a metal ring enclosing the field coil so that a magnetic field of a given strength can be generated in the cavity with less power than in the case of the conventional field coil normally positioned at a relatively greater distance from the interior of the cavity. The lining element can be composed of a non-metallic material such as a ceramic, or sintered Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: A magnetic flux standard and method for calibrating magnetic fluxmeters includes the use of a device for measuring changes in the flux of an air gap produced by the insertion into the gap of a magnetically saturable body of known dimensions and magnetic characteristics.

Abstract: A thickness gauge for measuring the thickness of a layer applied to a ferromagnetic base by measuring the attractive force of a permanent magnet in contact with the applied layer is provided with easily removable, interchangeable scales to permit direct reading of thickness in terms of metric, English or other units, or in accordance with the characteristics of the particular magnet used in the gauge.

Abstract: Method of making an anisotropic permanent magnetic body which has a (B.H).sub.max of at least 1.4 .times. 10.sup.6 Gauss . Oersted and a remanence of at least 2500 Gauss, utilizes magnetic powder particles having a coercivity .sub.J H.sub.C at least equal to the actual remanence B.sub.r of the finally prepared magnetic body, a remanence 4.pi.J.sub.r equal to about 1.3 to 1.6 of the actual remanence B.sub.r of the finally produced magnetic body and a fullness factor ##EQU1## which is at least 0.6.

Abstract: An elongated generally U-shaped ferromagnetic yoke has a series of coils embedded in its leg portions at spaced positions along its length so that a magnet body can be moved along the length of the air gap of the yoke so that that it can be magnetized and measured for a magnetic characteristic. A conveyor and a sorting device are also included so that magnet bodies exceeding minimum standards can be selected automatically. Other functions, such as partial demagnetization, and complete demagnetization, can be accomplished by other coils, or permanent magnets, embedded in the yoke.

Abstract: Apparatus for magnetizing selected areas of data storage plates, sheets or discs of the type wherein the stored data is represented by the location and arrangement of these magnetized areas, consists of a series of pole pieces which can be shifted into contact with the selected areas and simultaneously excited by a magnetic field. The process is also claimed.

Abstract: A probe for electromagnetic measurement of the thickness of a layer of material applied to a base of dissimilar material consists of an elongated ferro-magnetic core surrounded by an electrical coil several diameters larger than the diameter of the core and having one end placed close to the plane of the pole face of the core so that measurements involving magnetic materials can be undertaken by utilizing variations in magnetic flux path at low energization frequencies while measurements involving electrically conductive materials are undertaken by utilizing eddy currents induced at high energization frequencies.

Abstract: A process for preparing anisotropic permanent magnets from crude solidified cast bars of magnet material consists in etching the surface thereof to determine the crystalline structure of the several zones of the bar before subdividing it.

Abstract: This invention makes it possible to use mechanically hard magnetic materials in the formation of one, or both, of the annular press rams used in closing the mold because at least one of the rams is not permitted to enter the mold a distance sufficient to short circuit the magnetic flux flowing radially between the center ram and the outer wall of the mold.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring the internal field intensity H of a magnetic body having opposite poles surfaces includes an elongated magnetic potential measuring coil, one end of which is placed in contact with one of the pole surfaces of the body being measured, while the body is subjected to a magnetic field of variable intensity generated by an iron-free coil having lines of force passing through the body in directions perpendicular to the pole surfaces of the body being measured, the other end of the measuring coil being placed at a location which is uninfluenced by the magnetic potential at either of the poles of the body in one example and, in another example, being placed in contact with the other pole surface of the body. Values for B may also be measured by a second coil at the same time.