Abstract: A drive solenoid, a yoke, an armature and at least one contact are mounted in a housing of an electromagnetic switching device. The drive solenoid, yoke and armature are inductively intercoupled, in such a way that when an inrush current is applied to the drive solenoid, the armature can be displaced into a pickup position, thus directly or indirectly actuating the contact. The yoke and/or armature contain(s) pulverulent magnetic material.

Abstract: A drive solenoid, a yoke, an armature and at least one contact are mounted in a housing of an electromagnetic switching device. The drive solenoid, yoke and armature are inductively intercoupled, in such a way that when an inrush current is applied to the drive solenoid, the armature can be displaced into a pickup position, thus directly or indirectly actuating the contact. The yoke and/or armature contain(s) pulverulent magnetic material.

Abstract: A protection device includes a measurement device that is a current transformer which is based on a printed circuit, and an evaluation device that is a unit for early short-circuit identification. The current transformer, which is based on a as printed circuit board, is preferably a multiwinding transformer. The unit for early short-circuit identification operates on the basis of a so-called locus curve method, which uses instantaneous values of the current and current rate of change to identify a short circuit.

Abstract: A protection device includes a measurement device and a downstream evaluation device. The evaluation device is a unit for early short-circuit identification which actuates a semiconductor switch, which is preferably produced based on silicon carbide. The unit for early short-circuit identification preferably operates with switching thresholds which can be predetermined for the product of the current and the current rate of change, or on the basis of tolerant locus curves. In the latter case, different power factors (0.1<cos100 <0.9) are used in the locus curves in a locus curve representation of the current and current rate of change. The semiconductor switch preferably contains two back-to-back series-connected switching elements based on silicon carbide.

Abstract: To dissipate heat from a lossy electronic component which is fixed to the inner side of a wall of a housing, several of the outer and/or inner sides of the housing are placed into contact with a cooling element. In this way, a large part or all of the housing surface can be used to dissipate lost heat to the surroundings.

Abstract: A monitoring device having a switching mechanism to open or close electric circuits in case of overload which operates as a function of a current-detecting device includes a processor and setpoint memories for comparing and evaluating actual values. A device for detecting additional load operational errors, statistical operating data, and maintenance instructions from at least the load current over the lifetime of the device and providing a run display to display this data are consecutively integrated into the monitoring device. Furthermore, input keys are provided for setting desired parameters, which can be displayed in the run display.