Abstract: A process for increasing the energy conversion and electrochemical efficiency of a scaffold material using a deposition material comprises flowing by at least one surface of the scaffold material a solution which comprises the deposition material, forming agglomerations of the deposition material with at least one surface of the scaffold material, wherein the deposition material fills pores on the at least one surface of the scaffold material (“scaffold pores”) thereby increasing the surface area of the scaffold material, electrically connecting deposition material to the scaffold material via the formation of agglomerations, wherein said scaffold material is conductive and flow-through and wherein deposition material has a pore size (“deposition material pore size”) which is no larger than the scaffold pore size.