Abstract: Systems and methods analyze, diagnose, and/or treat a patient's eye using modified forms of the point spread function (“PSF”) tailored to the vision system. Factors that alter perception of visual aberrations can be included and/or volumetric point spread functions calculated, often using point spread function calculations throughout a range of optical distances to more fully indicate the variation in visual perception of optics at different distances. A variety of visual affects of the human optical system can be simulated, analyzed, and modeled, including: single versus multiple wavelength sources, chromatic aberrations, retinal resolution, wavelength-dependent visual response, Stiles-Crawford effects, and/or non-linearity of retinal response.

Abstract: Methods, systems and software for determining an optical surface model for an optical tissue system using Fourier transformation algorithms. A method of reconstructing optical tissues of an eye comprises transmitting an image through the optical tissues of the eye. The surface gradients from the transmitted image are measured across the optical tissues of the eye. A Fourier transform algorithm is applied to the surface gradients to reconstruct an optical surface model that corresponds to the optical tissues of the eye.

Abstract: Devices systems, and methods can characterize an optical surface of an object. A wavefront sensor system focuses light energy propagating from the object to form a pattern on a detector. The system maps the pattern to an array with a transform function such as a Fourier transform. The values of array correspond to characteristic locations and signals in a transform space, for example an intensity of spatial frequency signals in frequency space. The characteristic location and intensity of these signals in transform space are used to measure the optical surface. For example, a characteristic frequency of a spatial frequency intensity peak in Fourier transform space can be used to estimate the location of spots on the detector. Alternatively, the characteristics can be used to the measure sphere, cylinder and axis of a wavefront, wavefront elevation maps and point spread functions, often without locating positions of individual spots on the detector.

Abstract: Methods, systems and software for determining an optical surface model for an optical tissue system using Fourier transformation algorithms. A method of reconstructing optical tissues of an eye comprises transmitting an image through the optical tissues of the eye. The surface gradients from the transmitted image are measured across the optical tissues of the eye. A Fourier transform algorithm is applied to the surface gradients to reconstruct an optical surface model that corresponds to the optical tissues of the eye.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods, systems and software for generating a wavefront elevation map using Fourier transformation algorithms. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of reconstructing optical tissues of an eye. The method comprises transmitting an image through the optical tissues of the eye. The surface gradients from the transmitted image are measured across the optical tissues of the eye. A Fourier transform algorithm is applied to the surface gradients to reconstruct a surface that corresponds to the optical tissues of the eye.

Abstract: Methods, systems and software for determine an optical surface model for an optical tissue system using Fourier transformation algorithms. A method of reconstructing optical tissues of an eye comprises transmitting an image through the optical tissues of the eye. The surface gradients from the transmitted image are measured across the optical tissues of the eye. A Fourier transform algorithm is applied to the surface gradients to reconstruct an optical surface model that corresponds to the optical tissues of the eye.

Abstract: Scanning spot locations are generated for ablating tissue using a scanning laser beam over a treatment region by taking a target function representing a desired lens profile of ablation with a basis function representing a treatment profile produced by overlapping scanning spots in a particular treatment pattern. In some embodiments, the basis function is a two-dimensional function representing a two-dimensional section of a three-dimensional treatment profile, which has symmetry with respect to the two-dimensional section extending along the treatment pattern. For example, the treatment pattern is generally straight for myopic and hyperopic cylinders, and is generally circular for myopia and hyperopia. The fit produces ablation depths for discrete scanning spots, which are used to calculate the number of pulses at each reference position along the two-dimensional section. The pulses are distributed along the treatment pattern to produce the desired overlapping effect.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems and methods for applying pulsed energy to an eye. In an exemplary embodiment, a firing rate of the pulsed energy varies in correlation with a modeled or estimated thermal response of a tissue of the eye to the pulses of the laser beam during the treatment.

Abstract: Systems and methods analyze, diagnose, and/or treat a patient's eye using modified forms of the point spread function (“PSF”) tailored to the vision system. Factors that alter perception of visual aberrations can be included and/or volumetric point spread functions calculated, often using point spread function calculations throughout a range of optical distances to more fully indicate the variation in visual perception of optics at different distances. A variety of visual affects of the human optical system can be simulated, analyzed, and modeled, including: single versus multiple wavelength sources, chromatic aberrations, retinal resolution, wavelength-dependent visual response, Stiles-Crawford effects, and/or non-linearity of retinal response.

Abstract: Improved refractive eye surgery methods, apparatus and systems employ ablative photodecomposition of a cornea to mitigate and/or inhibit presbyopia with minimal vision degradation. A method for treating a cornea includes ablating a superior area of the cornea to enhance near-distance vision and ablating an inferior area of the cornea to enhance far-distance vision. Typically, the inferior area corresponds to an area of the cornea that is blocked (generally by the lower eyelid and/or cheek) from viewing objects when the eye is facing downward. The superior area corresponds to an area of the cornea that is blocked from viewing objects (generally by the patient's upper eyelid) when the eye is facing forward or slightly above the horizon. In some embodiments, a transition zone is ablated between the superior and inferior areas, to enable a smoother visual transition between the two areas.

Abstract: Methods, systems and software for determine an optical surface model for an optical tissue system using Fourier transformation algorithms. A method of reconstructing optical tissues of an eye comprises transmitting an image through the optical tissues of the eye. The surface gradients from the transmitted image are measured across the optical tissues of the eye. A Fourier transform algorithm is applied to the surface gradients to reconstruct an optical surface model that corresponds to the optical tissues of the eye.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods, systems and software for generating a wavefront elevation map using Fourier transformation algorithms. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of reconstructing optical tissues of an eye. The method comprises transmitting an image through the optical tissues of the eye. The surface gradients from the transmitted image are measured across the optical tissues of the eye. A Fourier transform algorithm is applied to the surface gradients to reconstruct a surface that corresponds to the optical tissues of the eye.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems and methods for applying pulsed energy to an eye. In an exemplary embodiment, a firing rate of the pulsed energy varies in correlation with a modeled or estimated thermal response of a tissue of the eye to the pulses of the laser beam during the treatment.

Abstract: Improved refractive eye surgery methods, apparatus and systems employ ablative photodecomposition of a cornea to mitigate and/or inhibit presbyopia with minimal vision degradation. A method for treating a cornea includes ablating a superior area of the cornea to enhance near-distance vision and ablating an inferior area of the cornea to enhance far-distance vision. Typically, the inferior area corresponds to an area of the cornea that is blocked (generally by the lower eyelid and/or cheek) from viewing objects when the eye is facing downward. The superior area corresponds to an area of the cornea that is blocked from viewing objects (generally by the patient's upper eyelid) when the eye is facing forward or slightly above the horizon. In some embodiments, a transition zone is ablated between the superior and inferior areas, to enable a smoother visual transition between the two areas.

Abstract: Scanning spot locations are generated for ablating tissue using a scanning laser beam over a treatment region by fitting a target function representing a desired lens profile of ablation with a basis function representing a treatment profile produced by overlapping scanning spots in a particular treatment pattern. Symmetry effects are utilized to simply the process for determining the scanning spot locations. In some embodiments, the basis function is a two-dimensional function representing a two-dimensional section of a three-dimensional treatment profile which has symmetry with respect to the two-dimensional section extending along the treatment pattern. For example, the treatment pattern is generally straight for myopic and hyperopic cylinders, and is generally circular for myopia and hyperopia. The target function and the basis function may be discrete for implementation in a software algorithm, and be fitted using a least square fit.

Abstract: Scanning spot locations are generated for ablating tissue using a scanning laser beam over a treatment region by fitting a target function representing a desired lens profile of ablation with a basis function representing a treatment profile produced by overlapping scanning spots in a particular treatment pattern. Symmetry effects are utilized to simply the process for determining the scanning spot locations. In some embodiments, the basis function is a two-dimensional function representing a two-dimensional section of a tree-dimensional treatment profile which has symmetry with respect to the two-dimensional section extending along the treatment pattern. The target function and the basis function are fitted to produce ablation depths for discrete scanning spots which are used to calculate the number of pulses at each reference position along the two-dimensional section.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems for reprofiling a surface of a cornea of an eye ablate a portion of the cornea to create an ablation zone with an optically correct central optical zone disposed in a central portion of the cornea, and a blend zone disposed peripherally to the central optical zone and at least partially within an optical zone of the eye. The blend zone can have an optical power that gradually diminishes with increasing radius from the central optical zone.

Abstract: Scanning spot locations are generated for ablating tissue using a scanning laser beam over a treatment region by fitting a target function representing a desired lens profile of ablation with a basis function representing a treatment profile produced by overlapping scanning spots in a particular treatment pattern. Symmetry effects are utilized to simply the process for determining the scanning spot locations. In some embodiments, the basis function is a two-dimensional function representing a two-dimensional section of a three-dimensional treatment profile which has symmetry with respect to the two-dimensional section extending along the treatment pattern. For example, the treatment pattern is generally straight for myopic and hyperopic cylinders, and is generally circular for myopia and hyperopia. The target function and the basis function may be discrete for implementation in a software algorithm, and be fitted using a least square fit.