Abstract: Disclosed herein is a memory device operating based on proton conduction between a source electrode and a drain electrode through a proton-conducting layer. As the memory device operates, protons from the source migrate through the proton-conducting layer and into the drain electrode. The memory device exhibits memory, in the form of changing net conductivity, based on the amount of protons conducted from source to drain. The memory device can be reset by regenerating the source electrode (e.g., through electrical or chemical action). The memory device can be incorporated into an integrated circuit as a memory element. Related methods of using the memory device are also disclosed.