Abstract: The invention provides a method of producing a filler comprising calcium carbonate (PCC), preferably to be used in paper or paper board production or in fibre based composites. The method of the invention comprises the steps of; —providing fly ash generated in paper or paper board production; —fractionating said fly ash in at least one step, whereby a coarser fraction is separated from a finer fraction; —forming a suspension of said coarser fraction; —adding carbon dioxide to said suspension to form precipitated calcium carbonate. The method of the invention avoids problems with high amounts of arsenic and heavy metals in the production of filler comprising PCC, when using ash generated in paper or paper board production as a raw material. It has been shown that harmful elements, such as arsenic and heavy metals, are primarily accumulated in the finer fractions of the fly ash.

Abstract: The method is for conveying solar power from a sun. A solar concentrator conveys and concentrates solar power as rays into a glass rod. The solar concentrator has a tapering device disposed at a bottom thereof. The glass rod has a first curved glass loop section, a second curved glass loop section and a straight glass section. The straight glass section has an outer end that is positioned in proximity to a water surface to heat the water. The first loop section is rotated relative to the second loop section at a first gap and the second section is rotated relative to the curved section at a second gap so that the concentrator can follow the path of the sun during the day.

Abstract: The method is for of conveying a solar power. A parabolic reflector receives sunrays that reflects and concentrates the sunrays as light into second reflector that reflects the light into a tapering device. The tapering device conveys the light to a first curved glass rod section. The first curved glass rod section conveying the light to a second curved glass rod section via a gap defined between the ends of the first and second rod sections. The second rod section conveys the light to a third rod section via a second gap. The first rod section is rotated relative to the second rod section and the second rod section is rotated relative to the third rod section so that the parabolic reflector follows a path of the sun.

Abstract: The method is for conveying solar power from a sun. A solar concentrator conveys and concentrates solar power as rays into a cable. The solar concentrator has a tapering device disposed at a bottom thereof. The cable has a first curved glass loop section, a second curved glass loop section and a curved section. The curved glass section is connected to a storage unit wherein the light is converted into heat. The first loop section is rotated relative to the second loop section at a first gap and the second section is rotated relative to the curved section at a second gap so that the concentrator can follow the path of the sun during the day.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of producing a filler comprising calcium carbonate (PCC), preferably to be used in paper or paper board production or in fibre based composites. The method of the invention comprises the steps of; —providing fly ash generated in paper or paper board production; —fractionating said fly ash in at least one step, whereby a coarser fraction is separated from a finer fraction; —forming a suspension of said coarser fraction; —adding carbon dioxide to said suspension to form precipitated calcium carbonate. The method of the invention avoids problems with high amounts of arsenic and heavy metals in the production of filler comprising PCC, when using ash generated in paper or paper board production as a raw material. It has been shown that harmful elements, such as arsenic and heavy metals, are primarily accumulated in the finer fractions of the fly ash.

Abstract: The method is for using solar power in an efficient manner. A solar concentrator is provided in operative engagement with a storage unit. The storage unit has at least one glass rod disposed therein and at least one sheet enclosing the storage unit. The solar concentrator receives solar power as sunrays and conveys the solar power to the glass rod disposed in the storage unit. The solar power is in the glass rod is converted to heat to heat to the storage unit. Gas flows between the storage unit and the sheets. The storage unit heats the gas. The gas flows to a heat exchanger to exchange heat with steam.

Abstract: The method is for conveying solar power from a sun. A solar concentrator conveys and concentrates solar power as rays into a glass rod. The solar concentrator has a tapering device disposed at a bottom thereof. The glass rod has a first curved glass loop section, a second curved glass loop section and a straight glass section. The straight glass section has an outer end that is positioned in proximity to a water surface to heat the water. The first loop section is rotated relative to the second loop section at a first gap and the second section is rotated relative to the curved section at a second gap so that the concentrator can follow the path of the sun during the day.

Abstract: The method is for conveying solar power from a sun. A solar concentrator conveys and concentrates solar power as rays into a cable. The solar concentrator has a tapering device disposed at a bottom thereof. The cable has a first curved glass loop section, a second curved glass loop section and a curved section. The curved glass section is connected to a storage unit wherein the light is converted into heat. The first loop section is rotated relative to the second loop section at a first gap and the second section is rotated relative to the curved section at a second gap so that the concentrator can follow the path of the sun during the day.

Abstract: The method is for of conveying a solar power. A parabolic reflector receives sunrays that reflects and concentrates the sunrays as light into second reflector that reflects the light into a tapering device. The tapering device conveys the light to a first curved glass rod section. The first curved glass rod section conveying the light to a second curved glass rod section via a gap defined between the ends of the first and second rod sections. The second rod section conveys the light to a third rod section via a second gap. The first rod section is rotated relative to the second rod section and the second rod section is rotated relative to the third rod section so that the parabolic reflector follows a path of the sun.

Abstract: The method is for using solar power in an efficient manner. A solar concentrator is provided in operative engagement with a storage unit. The storage unit has at least one glass rod disposed therein and at least one sheet enclosing the storage unit. The solar concentrator receives solar power as sunrays and conveys the solar power to the glass rod disposed in the storage unit. The solar power is in the glass rod is converted to heat to heat to the storage unit. Gas flows between the storage unit and the sheets. The storage unit heats the gas. The gas flows to a heat exchanger to exchange heat with steam.

Abstract: The invention relates to a waveguide laser or amplifier material comprising a silica glass host material, one or more rare earth elements in total concentration CRE at. %, one or more network modifier elements selected from the group of tri- or penta-valent atoms of the periodic table of the elements in total concentration CNME at. %, wherein the ratio of atomic concentrations of the modifier elements to that of the rare earth elements CNWCRE is larger than or equal to 1, and wherein the total atomic concentration of rare earth and the tri-valent network modifiers, such as aluminium and/or boron, is substantially equal to the atomic concentration of the penta-valent network modifier, such as phosphorous. Such materials exhibit reduced risk of photo darkening.

Abstract: An integrated photonic crystal (IPC) structure and method of producing the same in which the IPC structure includes a first layered sub-structure with a surface and a one-dimensional periodic refractive index variation along the direction perpendicular to the surface, and a second sub-structure with a plurality of essentially straight identical passages arranged in a two-dimensional periodic pattern cutting through the layered structure at an angle ?. First and second defects in the first and second sub-structures, respectively, enable electromagnetic modes to be localized in the vicinity of the defects and allow photonic crystal waveguide to be constructed that can control and filter light very efficiently and minimize radiation losses.

Abstract: An integrated photonic crystal (IPC) structure and method of producing same is disclosed. The (IPC) structure includes a first layered sub-structure (610, 620) with a surface and a one-dimensional periodic refractive index variation along the direction perpendicular to the surface. This first layered sub-structure enables a photonic band gap or high omnidirectional reflectivity for propagation of radiation having a spectrum of electromagnetic modes incident from a direction perpendicular to the plane of the surface. The PC-structure further includes a first defect (630) in the first layered sub-structure that enables an electromagnetic mode to be localised in the vicinity of the first defect. The electromagnetic radiation is hereby vertically confined. Furthermore, the IPC-structure consists of a second sub-structure with a plurality of essentially straight identical passages (635) arranged in a two-dimensional periodic pattern cutting through the layered structure at an angle &agr;.

Abstract: An integrated silicon mesa structure integrated in a glass-on-silicon waveguide, and a method of manufacturing it. The silicon mesa waveguide is integrated in a glass-on-silicon waveguide composed of a wave-guiding core between lower and upper sheath layers having a refractive index lower than the index of the wave-guiding core. The silicon mesa structure is preferably made of the silicon substrate, and a low loss silicon mesa waveguide is formed by removing excess material below the mesa structure. Further, transitions between the glass-on-silicon waveguide the the silicon mesa waveguide section are preferably formed such that transmission of light passing the transitions is adiabatic.

Abstract: A process for recovering inorganic material from a deinking sludge obtained as reject material in the recovery of recycled fiber from waste paper.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and a device for dressing truncated conical tips of electrodes in a spot welding gun, press or the like. According to the process, each electrode tip is dressed both on its truncated conical lateral surface on its end surface. In a first machining step, the electrode tip is inserted into a cavity in a first tool for machining the lateral surface or the end surface until the other of these two surfaces comes into contact with an abutment, whereafter the electrode tip in a second machining step is inserted into a cavity in a second tool for machining the end surface of the lateral surface until the surface which has been machined in the first machining steps comes into contact with an abutment. The device according to the invention comprises a motor driven, rotary tool for machining the truncated conical lateral surface and a second motor driven, rotary tool form machining the end surface of the electrode tip.

Abstract: In mobile hydraulic systems there is used a fine-mesh net structure (7) in a reservoir (6) for extracting air from the hydraulic fluid. When the system is started-up under cold-start conditions, a high pressure drop will prevail across the net structure, due to the viscosity of the fluid under such conditions. To overcome the problems associated herewith, a constricted passageway is provided in the net structure or adjacent thereto, such as to effect viscosity-dependent shunting of the fluid. This constricted passageway may have the form of a hole (11). A diffusor (13) may optionally be arranged in the reservoir, to ensure that the fluid will have laminor flow. A constricted passageway (11) of the aforesaid kind may also be provided in or adjacent to the diffusor (13).

Abstract: The invention deals with a gripping mechanism which is pivotable about an axis having a horizontal component, in particular a welding tong, with gripping members which can be moved toward one another, between which a workpiece can be clamped, and with a clamping drive, which is supplied with energy from an energy source and produces relative movement between the gripping members. An angle indicator determines the angular position of the gripping mechanism with respect to a vertical reference and a modulator responsive to an output signal of the angle indicator is connected between the energy source and the clamping drive and regulates the energy supplied to the clamping drive in dependence on the position of the gripping mechanism with respect to the vertical reference, so that the gripping members are held closed with a clamping force which is dependent in a predetermined manner on such angular position.