Abstract: Vaccine compositions comprising at least one modified immunogen via in vitro glycosylation methods that provide a rational approach for generating glycosylated versions of immunogens via the reducing end of a linear carbohydrate, the reducing end containing an N-acyl-2-amino moiety. Vaccine compositions comprising a plurality of heterologous immunogens associated with a multivalent carrier, wherein at least one immnunogen is glycosylated. Vaccine compositions comprising multivalent carriers and related methods using the vaccine compositions in various therapeutic and prophylactic applications for inducing an immune response against, treating, or preventing a bacterial, viral, fungal, or protozoan infection.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for automatically inducing sleep deprivation in rodents with an electroencephalogram measurement and analysis system, an electromyogram measurement and analysis system, sleep deprivation stimulus, stimulus control, acquisition and real-time sleep stage analysis software, and cage with food and water supplies.