Abstract: An image processing method comprises receiving a raw color image as produced by an image sensor. A color image having a plurality of pixels is generated by processing raw image data from said raw color image, wherein pixels for which color values are absent in said raw image data are assigned color values derived from present color values in said raw image data. A sharpening term is generated by processing raw image data from said raw color image. Then, an improved color image is produced by combining said color image with said sharpening term. The raw color image may be a Bayer image, and the image processing method may be implemented in a cost and power efficient integrated circuit using limited memory.

Abstract: A milling cutter includes a body having three cutting edges formed by the body. An end of the body situated opposite the cutting edges defines a fastening end of the milling cutter. Each cutting edge extends from an outer periphery of the body substantially to a center rotational axis of the body along a substantially convexly curved path. Radially outer and radially inner ends of each cutting edge are situated axially rearwardly of an axially foremost point of the cutting edge. Each cutting edge lies on a respective imaginary sphere having a radius which has a center which that is spaced from the cutting edge in a direction toward the fastening end and spaced radially from the center axis.

Abstract: A milling cutter includes a body having three cutting edges formed by the body. An end of the body situated opposite the cutting edges defines a fastening end of the milling cutter. Each cutting edge extends from an outer periphery of the body substantially to a center rotational axis of the body along a substantially convexly curved path. Radially outer and radially inner ends of each cutting edge are situated axially rearwardly of an axially foremost point of the cutting edge. Each cutting edge lies on a respective imaginary sphere having a radius which has a center which that is spaced from the cutting edge in a direction toward the fastening end and spaced radially from the center axis.

Abstract: A system and a corresponding method for determining a spatial relationship between a surface having a predetermined pattern and an apparatus are disclosed. A portion of the surface may be imaged and compared with the predetermined pattern. The comparison produces at least one reference measurement that may be used to determine a spatial relationship expressed in at least parameters that define an orientation of the surface. By using knowledge of the predetermined pattern together with an algebraic model of the image formation by the apparatus, a numerical adaptation can be performed. Parameters obtained from the adaptation can then be used to calculate the spatial relationship between the apparatus and the surface in terms of, for example, a distance between the apparatus and the surface or an angle between the surface and an axis extending through the apparatus.

Abstract: Systems and methods consistent with the present invention may include a surface for guiding a vehicle in an operating area. The surface may include a position-coding pattern having an arbitrary subset of a predetermined size. The subset may identify a unique position in the operating area. The vehicle may then determine its absolute position within the operating area by recording an image of the arbitrary subset on the surface. In addition, systems and methods consistent with the present invention may also include a self-guided vehicle for operation on a surface. A control means may control the movement of the vehicle. An image sensor may record an image of the surface having a position-coding pattern. The control means may then convert the recorded position-coding pattern into a position of the vehicle and then control the movement of the vehicle in response to the vehicle position.

Abstract: A measuring line for a coaxial conductor for determining energy throughflow and standing-wave ratio, comprising two coaxial connectors (2) having an impedance adapted for a coaxial conductor; an intermediate hollow conductor comprising an inner conductor (3) connected to the center conductor of the coaxial connectors and which is matched with that impedance; a directional coupler in the hollow conductor for taking-out two electric signals each corresponding to a respective propagation direction of electric waves between the coaxial connectors; and a detector circuit for respective electric signals. The directional coupler comprises a single directional coupler (4) which is mounted within the hollow conductor and parallel with its inner conductor (3) and which has symmetrically disposed branch lines (8) which are drawn through openings (9) in a wall of the hollow conductor and each of which extends to a respective strip conductor in a circuit board (10) mounted externally of the wall.

Abstract: An industrial robot has a position controller for each one of the axes of the robot and a computer for control of the robot. The computer continuously determines, with the aid of a mathematical model set up in advance, in dependence on the robot configuration and load in question, the mass moment of inertia of the axes, the coupled mass moment of inertia, and the moment caused by gravity. From the relationships between acceleration/deceleration and the drive motor torque for the different axes, the maximum available acceleration/deceleration for the axis is determined while assuming that maximum motor torque prevails for each axis. For each axis this value is compared with the maximum acceleration/deceleration value that may be allowed from the point of view of stability. On the basis of the lower of these values, optimum gain is determined and set in the position controller and/or a path planning parameter.

Abstract: A roller cutter assembly for rotary boring of the face of earth formations comprising a boring head (16) and a plurality of roller cutters (14) mounted in mounting members (15). The bearing shafts (25) of the roller cutters (14) are secured to the mounting members (15) by members of clamping bolts (30). For purposes of eliminating the risk for failure of the clamping bolts (30) to occur the mounting members (15) are provided with a cap portion (31).

Abstract: Improvements in automatic lottery ticket vending machines adapted upon lottery ticket purchase to dispense one or a definite number of tickets at a time from an externally inaccessible portion of the interior of the vending machine.For the purpose of facilitating loading of the automatic lottery ticket vending machine so that the loading can be effected safer and at a more rapid rate, as well as to simplify the construction of the vending machines, the invention comprises at least one transport container for the tickets detachably connected to rotation means forming part of the automatic vending machine and adapted to rotate the container as a unit for mixing and dispensing the tickets.

Abstract: A rotary drill bit comprising at least one roller cutter (12) which is rotatably supported over bearing means (14, 15, 16) and provided with cutting means (13). The bearing means comprises a radial friction bearing (16) with a bearing element (25) of wear resistant material, such as hard metal. In order to improve the surface contact between the bearing element (25) and the inner bearing surface (27) in the roller cutter (12), and in order to remove impurities from the cooperating bearing surfaces a longitudinal groove (30) is provided in the bearing element (25). The fluid primarily supplied for flushing the groove (30) is secondarily used to cool the bearing element (25).

Abstract: In a transformer or a reactor having at least one winding of foil-formed electrical conductor material, a magnetic-flux-controlling spirally-wound sheet of highly permeable ferro-magnetic material is arranged axially outside each end of the winding. The ends of the sheet are galvanically connected to the foil winding. By division of the magnetic material in the sheet, a high resistance in the longitudinal direction of the sheet, and thus lower losses, are obtained.

Abstract: Disclosed are improved constructions for power transformers and reactors having windings of tape-formed conductor material which tend to reduce additional losses in the windings. In the improved construction for a power transformer or reactor comprising a core containing magnetic material and having legs and a yoke and comprising windings including a tape-formed conductor material arranged concentrically around the core legs, the innermost of the windings has a first portion located nearest the core leg which has an axial length greater than the length of the portion of the winding located radially outside said first portion. The first portion thereby forms a cylindrical shield for controlling the magnetic leakage flux appearing outside the ends of the winding.

Abstract: A plurality of cutter tool holders are mounted to a milling cutter head by tongue and groove connections. Each connection comprises a groove formed in the cutter head and a tongue formed on the tool holder. The groove has an undercut portion and an enlargement at one end. The tongue includes a projection which can be inserted into the enlargement and then into the undercut to prevent, via wedging action, dislodgement of the tool holder. The groove and tongue each includes a side wall which is straight along its height.

Abstract: In a conveyor for conveying articles in a helically curved path, an endless conveyor belt is driven in a helically curved path between the circumferential surface of a cylindrical envelope and a rotary drum coaxially arranged in the envelope. One edge of the conveyor belt is supported by the circumferential surface of the envelope while the other edge of the conveyor belt is engaged between consecutive convolutions of an entraining belt which is passed around and driven by the drum at the rotation thereof so as to carry along the conveyor belt in its movement.