Abstract: A sperm extender medium for prolonging the fertility of bovine spermatozoa during liquid storage of the spermatozoa. The medium includes a monosaccharide energy source for the spermatozoa. The one or more ? or ? amino acid osmolytes are selected from mono-amino carboxylic and mono-amino sulfonic acids, each independently having an R side group selected from the group consisting of H and non-polar, neutral open aliphatic chains excluding branched C3 and longer aliphatic chains. The medium also includes one or more antioxidants and physiologically acceptable inorganic salts for maintaining sperm viability, and is buffered for maintaining pH in a range of from about 7.0 to about 8.5. Further, the medium may have a concentration of sodium ions of less than about 95 mM, and an osmolarity in a range of from about 290 mOsm/L to about 400 mOsm/L. Preparations including the spermatozoa and methods for preparing the medium and methods for fertilisation of an ovum.

Abstract: The present invention provides an extremity stress reducing modality for a human subject having an extremity, the extremity having an uninjured portion and an injured portion. The modality includes: (1) a frame having a connecting member for removably connecting the frame to an extremity of a human subject; (2) a support member on the frame for engaging the uninjured portion but not the injured portion; and (3) an attachment member on the frame for attaching the frame to a portion of a moveable resistance mechanism.

Abstract: The present invention provides an extremity stress reducing modality for a human subject having an extremity, the extremity having an uninjured portion and an injured portion. The modality includes: (1) a frame having a connecting member for removably connecting the frame to an extremity of a human subject; (2) a support member on the frame for engaging the uninjured portion but not the injured portion; and (3) an attachment member on the frame for attaching the frame to a portion of a moveable resistance mechanism.