Abstract: Method for carrying out in continuous, under so-called pseudo-isothermal conditions and in a predetermined reaction environment, such as a catalytic bed, a selected chemical reaction, comprising the steps of providing in the reaction environment at least one heat exchanger fed with a first flow of a heat exchange operating fluid at a respective predetermined inlet temperature, the fluid passing through at least one heat exchanger according to a respective inlet/outlet path, which method also provides feeding into at least one heat exchanger and at one or more intermediate positions of said path, a second flow of operating fluid having a respective predetermined inlet temperature.

Abstract: Method for controlling the reaction temperature in a catalytic bed (24) of a reactor (1) in which a chemical reaction takes place in pseudo-isothermal conditions by means of at least one heat exchanger (12), crossed by a respective operating fluid, immersed in the catalytic bed (24).

Abstract: Pseudo-isothermal radial chemical reactor for catalytic reactions, comprising a substantially cylindrical shell closed at the opposite ends by respective base plates, comprising a reaction zone in which a respective catalytic bed is supported and a plurality of heat exchangers placed in said reaction zone.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for carrying out highly exothermic catalyzed reactions, like so-called oxidative reactions, in pseudo-isothermal conditions, for example the reaction for producing nitric acid and the reaction for producing formaldehyde.

Abstract: A heat exchange unit for isothermal radial or axial-radial chemical reactors (1), with an overall configuration which is substantially annular and cylindrical having a passage (11) with a predetermined diameter running through it axially, is distinguished in that it comprises a plurality of substantially rectangular, flattened box-shaped heat exchangers (13), distributed in many coaxial and concentric arrays, defining in the unit (12) a plurality of radial alignments with a substantially radial arrangement, and wherein the exchangers (13) have long sides (13a) parallel to the axis of the unit (12) and short sides (13b) extending radially, each of the exchangers (13) comprising an inner chamber (17), intended to be passed through by an operating heat exchange fluid, at least one distributor pipe (19) and at least one collector pipe (20) of the operating fluid, associated with two respective opposing sides (13a) of the exchanger (13) and extending along them, the pipes (19, 20) being in fluid communication, on

Abstract: Plant for urea production from ammonia and carbon dioxide having a so-called high-pressure section which comprises a synthesis reactor and a condensation unit (7, 107) positioned inside the reactor, all substantially operating at the same pressure.

Abstract: A process for effecting mass transfer between a liquid phase and a gaseous phase in a filled-type column having an external shell which accommodates at least one filler-containing basket wherethrough the phases are caused to flow in countercurrent relationship. The process includes the step of feeding the gaseous phase to the at least one basket through a gas-permeable surface thereof which is larger than the basket cross-section, preferably in a prevailing radial flow direction.

Abstract: A reactor (1) for carrying out exothermic or endothermic heterogeneous reactions comprising an outer shell (2) of substantially cylindrical shape and at least a heat exchanger (9) embedded in a catalytic layer (10) supported in said shell (2), is characterized in that the heat exchanger (9) is a plate (14) heat exchanger.

Abstract: Heat exchange unit of the so-called multiservice type comprising a substantially cylindrical shell closed at the opposite ends by respective base plates, a plurality of heat exchangers supported inside this shell and in fluid communication with the outside thereof.

Abstract: An isothermal reactor for carrying out heterogeneous exothermic or endothermic reactions, includes within a catalytic bed (3) housed in an appropriate outer shell (2), at least one tube (13) for the passage of a cooling or heating fluid which advantageously extends within the bed (3) along a plane substantially perpendicular with respect to opposed perforated side walls (4, 5) of the catalytic bed.

Abstract: Heat exchange unit for pseudo-isothermal reactors including a substantially cylindrical shell (2) closed at its opposite ends by respective bottoms (3, 4), at least one thereof is provided with at least one manhole opening (5) of predetermined dimensions, a reaction zone (6) inside the shell (2) in order to contain a catalytic bed, comprising at least two modular and assembly heat exchangers (11), having predetermined cross dimensions smaller than those of the manhole opening (5), each heat exchanger (11) comprising at least one heat exchange element (12).

Abstract: A process for the heterogeneous synthesis of chemical compounds such as methanol and ammonia through catalytic conversion of the respective gaseous reactants that are made to pass through a first (2) and a second (3) reaction zone connected in series with each other, in which they react in pseudoisothermal conditions, distinguishes itself in that in the first reaction zone (2) the gaseous reactants are made to flow through a fixed mass of an appropriate catalyst in which a plurality of substantially box-like, plate-shaped heat exchangers (21), arranged side-by-side and crossed by a heat exchange operating fluid, is dipped.

Abstract: An isothermal reactor for carrying out heterogeneous exothermic or endothermic reactions, includes within a catalytic bed (3) housed in an appropriate outer shell (2), at least one tube (13) for the passage of a cooling or heating fluid which advantageously extends with a cone shaped helicoidal.

Abstract: A reactor, in particular for exothermic reactions, of the type including: a shell (2) of substantially cylindrical shape, at least one catalytic bed (3) in the shell, including a perforated cylindrical outer side wall (4), which forms a free space (8) with the shell, and an inner side wall (5) coaxial to the previous one, a heat exchanger (13) in the bed (3), the heat exchanger (13) being formed by a plurality of tubes (15) in the form of a spiral, a coil or alike in fluid communication with feed and discharge collectors (14, 16) for a cooling fluid.

Abstract: A reactor (1) for carrying out exothermic or endothermic heterogeneous reactions comprising an outer shell (2) of substantially cylindrical shape and at least a heat exchanger (9) embedded in a catalytic layer (10) supported in said shell (2), is characterized in that the heat exchanger (9) is a plate (14) heat exchanger.

Abstract: A method for the production of synthesis urea from liquid ammonia and gaseous carbon dioxide, comprising the step of feeding separate flows (6, 8) of liquid ammonia and gaseous carbon dioxide in continuous to a substantially vertical or horizontal column synthesis reactor (1), is distinguished in that the feed of liquid ammonia is split up into at least two consecutive sections (Z1-Z7) of said column.

Abstract: A heat exchange unit for isothermal radial or axial-radial chemical reactors (1), with an overall configuration which is substantially annular and cylindrical having a passage (11) with a predetermined diameter running through it axially, is distinguished in that it comprises a plurality of substantially rectangular, flattened box-shaped heat exchangers (13), distributed in many coaxial and concentric arrays, defining in the unit (12) a plurality of radial alignments with a substantially radial arrangement, and wherein the exchangers (13) have long sides (13a) parallel to the axis of the unit (12) and short sides (13b) extending radially, each of the exchangers (13) comprising an inner chamber (17), intended to be passed through by an operating heat exchange fluid, at least one distributor pipe (19) and at least one collector pipe (20) of the operating fluid, associated with two respective opposing sides (13a) of the exchanger (13) and extending along them, the pipes (19, 20) being in fluid communication, on

Abstract: A method for controlling the pseudo-isothermicity of a chemical reaction in a respective reaction zone. (9) in which the use of heat exchangers (6) is foreseen having an operating heat exchange fluid flowing through them and in which heat exchange critical areas (9a) are identified, the method being distinguished by the fact that it reduces and controls, in the critical areas (9a) of the reaction zone, the value of the heat exchange coefficient between the operating fluid and the zone (9), through thermal insulation of the portions (6a, 6b) of such exchangers extending in such areas (9a).

Abstract: A process for the heterogeneous synthesis of chemical compounds such as methanol and ammonia through catalytic conversion of the respective gaseous reactants that are made to pass through a first (2) and a second (3) reaction zone connected in series with each other, in which they react in pseudoisothermal conditions, distinguishes itself in that in the first reaction zone (2) the gaseous reactants are made to flow through a fixed mass of an appropriate catalyst in which a plurality of substantially box-like, plate-shaped heat exchangers (21), arranged side-by-side and crossed by a heat exchange operating fluid, is dipped.

Abstract: A process for the separation and recovery of carbon dioxide from waste gases produced by combustible oxidation is described comprising the steps of feeding a flow of waste gas to a gas semipermeable material, separating a gaseous flow comprising high concentrated carbon dioxide from said flow of waste gas through said gas semipermeable material, and employing at least a portion of said gaseous flow comprising high concentrated carbon dioxide as feed raw material in an industrial production plant and/or stockpiling at least a portion of said gaseous flow comprising carbon dioxide.