Abstract: A liquid having certain undesired elements therein is distilled in a distillation column to form a vapor stream. This vapor stream is fed by means of an inert gas drive to a first container having an array of semi-permeable screens which are rotated at a speed of 3,000-10,000 rpm to generate vertical spiral vortexes which act on the vapor to separate out heavier impurities. An inert gas is employed to drive the vapor stream from the first container to the bottom of a second container having a narrower diameter array of semi-permeable screens, these screens being driven at a velocity of 6000-100,000 rpm. In the second container, the molecular species is separated from the main vapor stream by virtue of the exposure of the vapor to large centrifugal gravity forces generated by the horizontal velocity vectors of the rotating screens.

Abstract: A single cylindrical chamber has a drive shaft rotatably mounted therein and extending along substantially the entire length thereof. This drive shaft is rotatably driven by a motor at a speed of 2000-5000 rpm, this speed being chosen so that the natural resonant frequency of the various components of the system is at least three times this rotation speed. Solid dry coarse particles to be comminuted which may be of coal, limestone/dolomite, cement or lime are fed into the chamber. Pressurized air is fed into the bottom of the chamber which in conjunction with a stationary velocity head provides uplifting pressure for driving the air and particles upwardly in the chamber. The upwardly driven particles are first driven through a plurality of rotors which are driven by the shaft and provide a centrifugal force which forms them into a vertical toroidal fluid bed that allows increased tonnage production and comminutes the particles.

Abstract: A liquid having certain undesired elements therein is distilled in a distillation column to form a vapor stream. This vapor stream is fed by means of an inert gas drive to a first container having an array of semi-permeable screens which are rotated at a speed of 3,000-10,000 rpm to generate vertical spiral vortexes which act on the vapor to separate out heavier impurities. An inert gas is employed to drive the vapor stream from the first container to the bottom of a second container having a narrower diameter array of semi-permeable screens, these screens being driven at a velocity of 6000-100,000 rpm. In the second container, the molecular species is separated from the main vapor stream by virtue of the exposure of the vapor to large centrifugal gravity forces generated by the horizontal velocity vectors of the rotating screens.

Abstract: A cylindrical chamber has a drive shaft rotatably mounted therein and extending along substantially the entire longitudinal extent thereof. This drive shaft is rotatably driven by a motor at a speed of 1,500-10,000 rpm. Solid particles to be comminuted which may be of coal, limestone/dolomite, cement or lime are fed into the chamber. Pressurized air is fed into the bottom of the chamber. Uplifting pressure for driving the gas and particles upwardly in the chamber may be provided by pressurized gas fed in through a tangential inlet in conjunction with a stationary velocity head. The upwardly driven particles are first driven through a plurality of short arm rotors which are driven by the shaft and provide a centrifugal force which comminutes the particles. The particles are then driven through a plurality of semi-permeable screens which are rotatably driven by the shaft and further comminute the particles. High apex flow enhancers are installed along the walls of the chamber to enhance the fluid flow.

Abstract: A cylindrical chamber has a drive shaft rotatably mounted therein and extending along substantially the entire longitudinal extent thereof. This drive shaft is rotatably driven by a motor preferably at a speed of about 3600 rpm. Solid particles to be comminuted which may be of coal, limestone/dolomite, or hydrated lime are fed into the chamber. Pressurized air is fed into the bottom of the chamber. Uplifting pressure for driving the air and particles upwardly in the chamber may be provided by pressurized gas in conjunction with a stationary velocity head. The upwardly driven particles are first driven through a plurality of rotors which are driven by the shaft and provide a centrifugal force which comminutes the particles. The particles are then driven through a plurality of semi-permeable screens which are rotatably driven by the shaft and further comminute the particles to a micronized state. To lower NO.sub.x and SO.sub.

Abstract: A chamber has a drive shaft rotatably mounted therein and extending along substantially the entire longitudinal extent of the chamber. This drive shaft is rotatably driven by a motor at a speed of 1,200-10,000 rpm. A plurality of screens having a mesh of 6-10 mesh are spaced from each other along the longitudinal extent of the chamber in opposing relationship and attached to the drive shaft for rotation therewith. Above the screens are a pair of discs which are attached to the shaft for rotation therewith and longitudinally spaced from each other. First and second similar plates having circular apertures formed therein are fixedly attached to the chamber in longitudinally spaced relationship, the first and second discs being positioned in the apertures of said first and second plates respectively. Gas to be purified is fed into the bottom of the chamber and driven upwardly by a compressor fan attached to the drive shaft.

Abstract: Semi-permeable screens are installed in a pulverized coal burning boiler and rotatably driven by a high speed rotatable shaft. A first one of the screens is located above the main combustion zone of the boiler and a second one of the screens is located directly under the burnout zone of the boiler. The underside of the first rotating screen repels the larger and slower burning fuel particles that escape from the main combustion zone so that they are recycled for a complete burn-out. The smaller glowing particles suspended in the combustion gases pass through the first rotating screen and are micronized by the comminution effected by the spiral vortexes generated above this first screen. The second rotating screen positioned under the burnout zone provides for mixing and comminution of the gases and burning coal particles respectively. The vortexes generated by the screens homogenize the heat distribution in the upwardly moving stream of gas and solid particulates.

Abstract: A cylindrical vessel has a drive shaft rotatably mounted therein and extending along substantially the entire longitudinal extent thereof. This drive shaft is rotatably driven by a motor at a speed of 1,500-10,000. Solid particles to be comminuted which may be of coal and limestone/dolomite or lime are fed into the vessel. Connected to the shaft and rotatably driven therewith is a centrifugal compressor fan which forms an uplifting air curtain which suspends the particles. Mounted above the compressor and rotatably driven by the drive shaft are a plurality of rotors, screens, and a disc mounted in an aperture formed in a fixed plate which forms a circular vortex in the space between the disc and the plate. The particles are comminuted by the successive action of the rotors, screens and the circular vortex, larger particles being repelled for further comminution while the finer particles are fed from the vessel to cyclonic classifiers.

Abstract: A cylindrical vessel has a drive shaft rotatably mounted therein and extending along substantially the entire longitudinal extent thereof. This drive shaft is rotatably driven by a motor at a speed of 3,000-10,000 rpm. The output of a roller mill or the like having particles of the order of -200 mesh to be further comminuted, which may be of coal or other minerals, are fed into the vessel. Connected to the shaft and rotatably driven therewith is a centrifugal compressor fan. This fan with additional air intake to the vessel provides a high velocity air curtain which suspends the particles and drives them upwardly. Mounted above the compressor and rotatably driven by the drive shaft are a plurality of semipermeable screens which comminute the particles to bring them to a superfine state. Particles which are not comminuted to a superfine state are repelled by the screens for further comminution.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the dry grinding of solids, comprises initial coarse grinding of the solids in a controlled vortexing of a fluidized bed and directing the solid fine particles generally upwardly into a vortex grinding zone and grinding the upwardly directed solid particles in the vortex grinding zone by passing a portion of the particles through the vortex grinding zone. The vortex grinding zone comprises at least one successively vertically disposed grinding stage comprising passing particles upwardly through at least one horizontal vortex zone of an annular gap, defined by a stationary plate with a circular aperture, hereafter cleaning up the upward moving product mix by eliminating coarser particles by gravity separation with a centrifugal expelling fan and subjecting the remaining part of the upwardly particles to the vertical vortexing of a rotating semipermeable means, defined by a rotating assembly containing a broad mesh screen therein.