Abstract: A method and an apparatus are for applying a rotationally driven pressure roller (4) onto a rotationally driven goods guiding roller (3) in stretching equipment for thermoplastic films. The pressure roller (4) is advanced in the direction of the goods guiding roller (3) by at least one first pressurizable piston-cylinder unit (7) in such a manner so that after the advancement an axis-parallel remaining stroke exists between the pressure roller (4) and the goods guiding roller (3). Then at least one second pressurizable piston-cylinder unit (8) operatively connected with the first piston-cylinder unit (7) carries out the remaining stroke, while maintaining the axis-parallelism, until a touching contact exists between the pressure roller (4) and the goods guiding roller (3). Then the pressure roller (4) becomes effective with a nominal pressing force onto the goods guiding roller (3).

Abstract: A method detects the beginning of combustion in an internal combustion engine (1) having several cylinders (2, 3, 4, 5), form a rotation speed signal determined for a shaft (6) of the engine (1). A segment signal (SS), whose signal length corresponds to an integral multiple of one or more full rotation of the shaft (6), is extracted from the rotation speed signal. A cylinder signal (ZS1, ZS2, ZS3, ZS4), which reproduces the operational state in a cylinder (2, 3, 4, 5), is generated from the segment signal (SS). The cylinder signal is transformed into a cylinder frequency signal (FS1, FS2, FS3, FS4) in an angular frequency range. Signal information indicating the beginning of combustion in the associated cylinder is extracted from the cylinder frequency signal at least one predefined angular frequency.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for applying a rotationally driven pressure roller (4) onto a rotationally driven goods guiding roller (3), especially in a stretching equipment for thermoplastic films, whereby the pressure roller (4) is advanced in the direction of the goods guiding roller (3) by at least one first pressurizable piston-cylinder unit (7) in such a manner so that after the advancement an axis-parallel remaining stroke exists between the pressure roller (4) and the goods guiding roller (3), whereby thereupon at least one second pressurizable piston-cylinder unit (8) operatively connected with the first piston-cylinder unit (7) carries out the remaining stroke, while maintaining the axis-parallelism, until a touching contact exists between the pressure roller (4) and the goods guiding roller (3), and whereby thereupon the pressure roller (4) becomes effective with a nominal pressing force onto the goods guiding roller (3).

Abstract: The method is used to detect the beginning of combustion in an internal combustion engine (1) comprising several cylinders (2, 3, 4, 5) by means of a rotation speed signal determined for a shaft (6) of the internal combustion engine (1). A segment signal (SS), whose signal length corresponds to an integral full rotation of the shaft (6), is extracted from the rotation speed signal. A cylinder signal (ZS1, ZS2, ZS3, ZS4), which reproduces the operational state in a cylinder (2, 3, 4, 5), is generated from the segment signal (SS). The cylinder signal (ZS1, ZS2, ZS3, ZS4) is transformed into a cylinder frequency signal (FS 1, FS2, FS3, FS4) in an angle frequency range. Signal information indicating the beginning of combustion in the associated cylinder (2, 3, 4, 5) is extracted from the cylinder frequency signal (FS 1, FS2, FS3, FS4) at least one predefined angle frequency.

Abstract: The invention is essentially characterized in that in a first step a substrate is provided, which is coated with defined pattern of protrusions of a coating layer of a different material, so that an interface is defined between the substrate and the coating layer. As an example, the patterned coating layer can be applied by first forming an essentially homogeneous coating layer, which is then partially removed by means of photolithographic and etching techniques, leaving nanometer sized protrusions in that layer. As a next step, the surface provided with these structures is modified by selectively removing protrusions by means of a micro-device. Such a micro-device can be formed in a similar way to a scanning probe microscope (SPM) tip. The presence or absence of a protrusion represents a readable data bit information.

Abstract: A chuck for securing a working tool in a machine tool and including a one-piece, ring-shaped carrier member arranged outside of the end surface of the receiving end region of the chuck and parallel thereto and provided with cutting region having additional cutting elements distributed circumferentially around the receiving bore of the receiving end region and extending transverse to a plane defined by the ring-shaped carrier member and projecting away from the carrier member which secured by crews to the receiving end region of the chuck.

Abstract: A thread milling or cutting tool (1) comprises a carrier piece (2) rotatable around an axis of rotation (D), at least one cutting element (3, 3′, 3″, 3′″) releasably attachable or attached on the carrier piece (2), and at least one fastening element (4, 4′, 4″, 4′″) releasably attachable or attached on the carrier piece (2), wherein at least one cutting element (3, 3′, 3″, 3′″) has no hole for attachment by means of a fastening screw, but is positively and/or non-positively attachable or attached between the carrier piece (2) and at least one fastening element (4, 4′, 4″, 4′″) and/or between at least two fastening elements.

Abstract: The invention is essentially characterized in that in a first step a substrate is provided, which is coated with defined pattern of protrusions of a coating layer of a different material, so that an interface is defined between the substrate and the coating layer. As an example, the patterned coating layer can be applied by first forming an essentially homogeneous coating layer, which is then partially removed by means of photolithographic and etching techniques, leaving nanometer sized protrusions in that layer. As a next step, the surface provided with these structures is modified by selectively removing protrusions by means of a micro-device. Such a micro-device can be formed in a similar way to a scanning probe microscope (SPM) tip. The presence or absence of a protrusion represents a readable data bit information.

Abstract: An investigation device includes a time of flight mass spectrometer with an entrance opening, and an electrically conductive tip on a cantilever which is movable from a first position near a sample on a sample holder to a second position near the entrance opening. A sample particle is obtained with the tip being in the first position from the sample. The tip, with the particle, is moved into the second position where the particle can be accelerated towards the entrance opening. The particle is analyzable by the time of flight mass spectrometer.

Abstract: The invention is essentially characterized in that in a first step a substrate is provided, which is coated with defined pattern of protrusions of a coating layer of a different material, so that an interface is defined between the substrate and the coating layer. As an example, the patterned coating layer can be applied by first forming an essentially homogeneous coating layer, which is then partially removed by means of photolithographic and etching techniques, leaving nanometer sized protrusions in that layer. As a next step, the surface provided with these structures is modified by selectively removing protrusions by means of a micro-device. Such a micro-device can be formed in a similar way to a scanning probe microscope (SPM) tip. The presence or absence of a protrusion represents a readable data bit information.

Abstract: A method of rotational milling of a thread on a workpiece and including providing a device having a rotatable workpiece spindle for supporting the workpiece and a rotatable milling cutter spindle for supporting a thread milling cutter, and displacing axially the workpiece spindle and the milling cutter relative to each other by a distance shorter than a length of the thread, while rotating the workpiece spindle and the milling cutter spindle with respective rotational speeds a ratio of which is not equal to 1; and displacing radially the workpiece spindle and the milling cutter spindle relative to each other.

Abstract: A chuck for securing a working tool in a machine tool and including a one-piece, ring-shaped carrier member arranged outside of the end surface of the receiving end region of the chuck and parallel thereto and provided with cutting regions having additional cutting elements distributed circumferentially around the receiving bore of the receiving end region and extending transverse to a plane defined by the ring-shaped carrier member and projecting away from the carrier member which secured by crews to the receiving end region of the chuck.

Abstract: The invention is essentially characterized in that in a first step a substrate is provided, which is coated with defined pattern of protrusions of a coating layer of a different material, so that an interface is defined between the substrate and the coating layer. As an example, the patterned coating layer can be applied by first forming an essentially homogeneous coating layer, which is then partially removed by means of photolithographic and etching techniques, leaving nanometer sized protrusions in that layer. As a next step, the surface provided with these structures is modified by selectively removing protrusions by means of a micro-device. Such a micro-device can be formed in a similar way to a scanning probe microscope (SPM) tip. The presence or absence of a protrusion represents a readable data bit information.

Abstract: An adjustable outlet nozzle for heating and venting systems of automobiles having a double-wing butterfly valve arranged inside a convex-spherically shaped ring which is universally pivotably supported by a concave-spherically shaped connector housing, the wing flaps of the valve being actuatable by means of a rotatable cross handle and a bevel gear drive, the flanks of the cross handle being axially aligned with a transverse supporting member and with the fully open wing flaps of the valve, to form a smooth air guide through the nozzle.

Abstract: An adjustable air outlet nozzle for automobile heating and venting systems in which a spherical hollow nozzle is connected to a surrounding housing lodgement by means of an intermediate gimbal ring and includes a double-clappet valve which is operable by means of a wing knob, through a bevel gear drive. The nozzle shell has an inner wall with an abutment shoulder for the valve clappets and a progressively widening gap for sensitive throttling of the air flow.