Abstract: A rotary kiln burner particularly for fine-grained solid fuels such as coal dust, with jet air nozzles which can be adjusted easily and effectively during operation of the kiln in order to change the divergence angle of the high-speed jet air streams to change the flame shape and optimize the combustion. The jet air nozzles are attached with the nozzle openings divergent to the burner axis at the end of jet air pipes. The nozzle openings are arranged around the burner axis, with the axes parallel, with the jet air pipes arranged inside an annular cooling air space surrounding the coal dust channel and enclosed on the outside by the burner housing pipe.

Abstract: In order to provide a rotary-furnace burner in which the quantity fraction of cost-effective particulate secondary fuels to be used as energy carriers can be increased and the configuration of the burner flame can be influenced, even during the operation of the burner, it is proposed, according to the invention, to arrange an expansion chamber open towards the burner mouth and having a widened cross section, as compared with the tube or individual tubes in the burner in front of the issue of the tube or tubes for blowing out the secondary fuels, and to make the axial length and the volume of the expansion chamber variable, during the operation of the burner, by means of the axial displacement of the secondary-fuel tubes, so that the particulate secondary fuel particles blown out at the burner mouth with a considerably reduced velocity do not fly past the burner flame, but, instead, burn out in the flame.

Abstract: In order to provide a rotary-furnace burner in which the quantity fraction of cost-effective particulate secondary fuels to be used as energy carriers can be increased and the configuration of the burner flame can be influenced, even during the operation of the burner, it is proposed, according to the invention, to arrange an expansion chamber open towards the burner mouth and having a widened cross section, as compared with the tube or individual tubes in the burner in front of the issue of the tube or tubes for blowing out the secondary fuels, and to make the axial length and the volume of the expansion chamber variable, during the operation of the burner, by means of the axial displacement of the secondary-fuel tubes, so that the particulate secondary fuel particles blown out at the burner mouth with a considerably reduced velocity do not fly past the burner flame, but, instead, burn out in the flame.

Abstract: In order to create a rotary kiln burner particularly for fine-grained solid fuels such as coal dust, with jet air nozzles which can be adjusted easily and effectively during operation of the kiln in order to change the divergence angle of the high-speed jet air streams to change the flame shape and optimise the combustion, the invention proposes attaching the jet air nozzles (20) with the nozzle openings divergent to the burner axis at the end of jet air pipes (21), and arranging these around the burner axis, with the axes parallel, with the jet air pipes (21) arranged inside an annular cooling air space (22) surrounding the coal dust channel (16) and enclosed on the outside by the burner housing pipe (19), mounted so that they can rotate around the jet air pipe axes, so that on turning the jet air pipes (21) at the cold end of the burner lance, the divergence of the high-speed jet air streams, and thus the angle of the jet air flow cone in relation to the coal dust cone can be changed and adjusted.

Abstract: A papermakers fabric has concentric double pin seam loops on each end for enabling it to be seamed to form an endless form for use on a papermaking machine. A seaming method for making double seaming loops is also provided.

Abstract: A papermakers fabric having a system of monofilament machine direction yarns (hereinafter MD yarns) which control the permeability of the fabric. The present weave provides for usage of high aspect ratio yarns as structural weave components. The system of MD yarns comprises multiple layers of yarns which are vertically stacked. Preferably, upper MD yarns define floats on the upper surface of the fabric and each upper MD yarn is grouped in a vertically stacked orientation with an intermediate and a lower MD yarn.

Abstract: In a method of transmitting a signal wherein the signal is partitioned into windows comprised of overlapping blocks with each block containing a partial signal. The partial signal in each block is converted into a digital signal and individually coded with a selected window function f(n). The overlapping areas of the window functions are weighted such that the resultant of the overlapping functions in each block equals one. The coded signals are transmitted. The received signals are reconverted into partial analog signals. The window functions are selected in accordance with frequency changes in the original signal.

Abstract: A method of digital transmission of an audio signal, in which in order to save transmission and/or memory capacity, the digital signal is converted, before transmission, into signals representing the short-term spectrum of time sections of the digital signal and portions of this signal are processed on the basis of psycho-acoustic laws, with portions of this signal lying below given thresholds left unconsidered, with at least one first threshold being defined below which only amplitude values outside of psycho-acoustically differentiable frequency ranges are left unconsidered.

Abstract: A system for transmitting and receiving digitalized audio signals, particularly via satellites, wherein data sequences are arranged in timely succession within frames, wherein before transmission, the digitalized audio signal is converted to a digital signal representing the momentary frequency spectrum and, during subsequent coding of the digital audio signal to be transmitted, portions of this transformed signal are given different weights on the basis of psychoacoustic laws with respect to the accuracy of their representation.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for generating a control voltage which is dependent upon an alternating voltage. A charging capacitor is provided which has a charge that is representative of the control voltage which can be varied by controllable charging and discharging of the capacitor. A charging circuit including a transistor is connected so that the alternating voltage is coupled to the transistor base and the transistor collector-emitter path is connected between a charging current source and the capacitor for charging the capacitor under control of the amplitude of the alternating voltage, with the collector voltage of the transistor being representative of the charge state of the capacitor. A capacitor discharge circuit is connected to provide a discharge path for the capacitor, the discharge path having a variable conductance.

Abstract: A pulse code modulated audio signal transmission system which compensates for signal interference in the pulse code modulated audio signal. The system includes a first device for receiving an audio signal and for converting the audio signal into a pulse code modulated audio signal, and a second device for receiving the audio signal and for producing an auxiliary signal corresponding to the audio signal but having a smaller bandwidth than the audio signal. A transmission circuit is connected to the first and second devices for receiving the pulse code modulated audio signal and the auxiliary signal and for producing an output signal which comprises the audio signal with portions of the audio signal which contain interference being substituted with corresponding portions of the auxiliary signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a circuit arrangement in a compander system for generating a direct control voltage which is dependent on an alternating voltage with the circuit arrangement including a time constant switch. The conductance determining the time constant in a charging current circuit is constantly varied in the transfer range in dependence on the voltage of a charging capacitor when a time constant switch takes place from one fixed value to a second fixed value.

Abstract: In a two-band compander pre-emphasis is carried out during compression and de-emphasis during expansion in the lower frequency range. Noise suppression is improved by this measure.

Abstract: A circuit for generating a direct control voltage dependent on an alternating voltage, particularly for the generation of a direct control voltage in a system for dynamic compression and expansion, including a storage capacitor for providing the control voltage, at least one electronically controllable charging circuit and at least one electronically controllable discharging circuit connected to the storage capacitor, a comparator for comparing an alternating voltage input signal with a reference value, first and second control circuit paths for connecting the output of the comparator to the control inputs of the charging circuit and the discharging circuit respectively, a time-delay circuit connected in one of the control circuit paths, and an inverter connected in one of the control circuit paths so that the output signals from the two control circuit paths are inverted with respect to one another.

Abstract: In a circuit system for the generation of a direct control voltage dependent upon an alternating voltage for a dynamic compander device, the system including a charging capacitor, a charging circuit connected to charge the capacitor, and a circuit connected to discharge the capacitor, a comparator unit is connected to effect comparison between the alternating voltage and a reference voltage and to produce an output voltage representative of the amount by which the alternating voltage exceeds the reference voltage, and at least one of the circuits is formed of a current source and an electronically controllable current path connected between the source and the capacitor and having a control input connected to the comparator unit for varying the conductance of the current path as a function of the output voltage of the comparator unit.

Abstract: In a circuit for the generation of a direct control voltage dependent upon an alternating voltage the changing of the control voltage is delayed after a rapid decrease in the alternating voltage amplitude. This delay time is controllable in dependence upon the time difference between an increase and a rapid decrease of the alternating voltage amplitude.

Abstract: Circuit for automatic dynamic compression an/or expansion. The circuit has adjusting member (10) for varying the propagation constant in a useful signal path and a further similar adjusting member (30) for varying the propagation constant in a branch path which serves for deriving a control voltage which is applied to the control inputs (11,31) of the adjusting members (10,30) in the useful signal path and in the branch path. Further the circuit has a lowpass circuit (20 . . . 26) which is connected to the adjusting member (10) located in the useful signal path. The circuit can be changed over to a different compander characteristic when the adjusting member (10) located in the useful signal path is connected up as a controllable highpass (10,15). The limiting frequency is of the order of magnitude of the limiting frequency of the lowpass circuit (20 . . . 26).

Abstract: In a circuit for automatic dynamic compression or expansion the control voltage generator generates a control voltage which is linear against the logarithm of the input amplitude. This characteristic is achieved by a transfer member consisting of several transistors which are subject to different reference voltages and the series resistances of which are staggered.

Abstract: A compander system wherein, for compatibility with systems of constant amplification, dynamic compression and expansion are effected only within a limited level range.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compander system. In such a compander system an adjusting member in the useful signal path is controlled by a control voltage which is generated in a branch path connected to the useful signal path and including at least one further adjusting member. The control voltage serves at the same time to control the adjusting members in the branch path in a counter-regulating sense. According to the present invention the branch path is connected to the input of the useful signal path during compression and to the output of the useful signal path during expansion.