Abstract: The invention relates to substituted pyrazolo piperidine carboxylic acids, their salts and their use for preparing medicaments for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases, in particular of ophthalmologic diseases, including non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), diabetic macular edema (DME), retinal ganglion cell/photoreceptor neurodegeneration and cataract.

Abstract: The invention relates to substituted pyrazolo piperidine carboxylic acids, their salts and their use for preparing medicaments for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases, in particular of ophthalmologic diseases, including non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), diabetic macular edema (DME), retinal ganglion cell/photoreceptor neurodegeneration and cataract.

Abstract: A respiratory support device (10) includes a ventilator (20) which allows spontaneous breathing, a control device (30), a dosing device (40) for pharmaceutically active substances, and at least one first measuring device (50). Pharmacodynamic and/or pharmacokinetic data of pharmaceutically active substances and/or compositions as well as comparison data for different respiration parameters are stored in the control device (30). The measuring device (50) is configured to detect one or more respiration parameters. The measuring device (50) or another measuring device is additionally configured such that the effective active ingredient quantity of one or more pharmaceutical substances dispensed by the dosing device can be detected using the measuring device. A device for exchanging data in a bidirectional manner is arranged at least between the control device and the measuring device and/or the dosing device.

Abstract: A method is provided for automatically controlling a ventilation or breathing system with a ventilation unit (7), which is controlled by a control unit (5), in order to deliver an assist pressure preset by the control unit, wherein the current values of the tidal volume flow Flow(t) and those of the volume V(t) are detected in the control unit. The control unit (5) may carry out a proportionally assisting ventilation method (PAV: Proportional Assist Ventilation) by a factor for a degree of compensation (PPSp) being selected by the control unit and by the parameters for the volume assist (VA) and the flow assist (FA) being determined by: VA=PPSp·?E FA=PPSp·?R, wherein ?E is the deviation of a measured or assumed elastance (Emeasured) of the patient from an ideal elastance (Eideal) and ?R is the deviation of a measured or assumed resistance (Rmeasured) of the patient from an ideal resistance (Rideal).

Abstract: A method is provided for automatically controlling a ventilation or breathing system with a ventilation unit (7), which is controlled by a control unit (5), in order to deliver an assist pressure preset by the control unit, wherein the current values of the tidal volume flow Flow(t) and those of the volume V(t) are detected in the control unit. The control unit (5) may carry out a proportionally assisting ventilation method (PAV: Proportional Assist Ventilation) by a factor for a degree of compensation (PPSp) being selected by the control unit and by the parameters for the volume assist (VA) and the flow assist (FA) being determined by: VA=PPSp·?E FA=PPSp·?R, wherein ?E is the deviation of a measured or assumed elastance (Emeasured) of the patient from an ideal elastance (Eideal) and ?R is the deviation of a measured or assumed resistance (Rmeasured) of the patient from an ideal resistance (Rideal).

Abstract: The invention relates to filaments and fibers of acrylonitrile polymers, which contain 10 to 30% by weight of carboxyl groups, their use and processes for their production. The filaments and fibers exhibit, in the dry state, tensile strengths of more than 10 cN/tex and knot strengths of more than 6 cN/tex and can be processed on customary machinery and are suitable for the production of shaped structures of high water retention. The polymeric raw materials required for the spinning are produced by hydrolysis of acrylonitrile polymers using aqueous dilute acids in a heterogeneous phase system.

Abstract: A fiber or filament of a swellable polymer of high tensile strength is made by spinning a polymeric raw material which is produced by agitating a suspension of solid particles of an acrylonitrile polymer in dilute sulfuric acid having an acid concentration between 40 to 50 percent by weight until the polymer is hydrolyzed to an extent that it contains from 10 to 30 percent by weight of carboxyl groups such that sticking of individual particles of the polymer to one another is avoided.

Abstract: The invention relates to homopolymers and copolymers of acrylonitrile with very low Fikentscher K values of 34-15 and a total content of sulfonate and sulfate end groups, which do not originate from correspondingly substituted comonomers, of 250 to 1,000 milliequivalents per kilogram of polymer, 180 to 900 milliequivalents per kilogram being in the form of sulfonate end groups, and to suitable semi-continuous or continuous precipitation polymerization processes for their preparation by means of a redox system in an aqueous medium.The resulting polymers can be extruded to shaped articles. In particular, after hydrolysis, they can be used as emulsifiers and deep bore auxiliaries.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting scale formation or precipitation in an aqueous alkaline-earth salt solution with an aqueous solution of a hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile salt made by heating homopolymers and copolymers of acrylonitrile with very low Fikentscher K values of 34-15 and a total content of sulfonate and sulfate end groups, which do not originate from correspondingly substituted comonomers, of 250 to 1,000 milliequivalents per kilogram of polymer, 180 to 900 milliequivalents per kilogram being in the form of sulfonate end groups, and to suitable semi-continuous or continuous precipitation polymerization process for their preparation by means of a redox system in an aqueous medium.

Abstract: The invention relates to homopolymers and copolymers of acrylonitrile with very low Fikentscher K values of 34-15 and a total content of sulfonate and sulfate end groups, which do not originate from correspondingly substituted comonomers, of 250 to 1,000 milliequivalents per kilogram of polymer, 180 to 900 milliequivalents per kilogram being in the form of sulfonate end groups, and to suitable semi-continuous or continuous precipitation polymerization processes for their preparation by means of a redox system in an aqueous medium.The resulting polymers can be extruded to shaped articles. In particular, after hydrolysis, they can be used as emulsifiers and deep bore auxiliaries.

Abstract: The invention relates to homopolymers and copolymers of acrylonitrile with very low Fikentscher K values of 34-15 and a total content of sulfonate and sulfate end groups, which do not originate from correspondingly substituted comonomers, of 250 to 1,000 milliequivalents per kilogram of polymer, 180 to 900 milliequivalents per kilogram being in the form of sulfonate end groups, and to suitable semi-continuous or continuous precipitation polymerization processes for their preparation by means of a redox system in an aqueous medium.The resulting polymers can be extruded to shaped articles. In particular, after hydrolysis, they can be used as emulsifiers and deep bore auxiliaries.