Abstract: The selective conversion by skeletal isomerization over steam pretreated ferrierite zeolite-based catalysts having pore sizes of at least about 4.2 Angstroms and a pore structure characterized by intersecting 10-MR and 8-MR channels. The steam pretreated ferrierite zeolite-based catalysts have sufficient acidity to catalyze the skeletal isomerization of normal olefins. The catalysts can be used to produce isoolefins for reaction with alcohols in integrated processes to produce tertiary amyl methyl ethers such as TAME.

Abstract: Normal olefins such as n-butene can be converted to branched species by skeletal isomerization over catalysts containing solid acids prepared by sulfating catalyst precursors containing hydrous metal oxides--e.g., aluminas, silica-aluminas or clays treated with sulfuric acid, metal sulfates, sulfur trioxide or organic sulfates. The catalyst precursors are sulfated sufficiently to produce the desired skeletal isomerization without substantial cracking under suitable isomerization conditions.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for forming a coating material, and for depositing the material onto the surface of an article or a substrate. The apparatus includes a tank within which the coating composition is formed together with a residual amount of gas. The tank and the internal support members are electrically segregated from a perforated container with reactant material held on the internal support to avoid the formation of gas bubbles on the surfaces of the tank and support which are immersed into the coating composition.

Abstract: Process for liquefying coal or similar liquefiable carbonaceous solids in which the liquefaction solvent is a hydrotreated solvent mixture that is derived in the process. The solvent mixture comprises at least 78 wt. % decalin, comprising cis and trans decalin. The cis-isomers comprise at least 80 wt. % of the total weight of the decalin. The solvent mixture may also include about 0-2 wt. % of naphthalene, about 0-5 wt. % of a constituent comprising the mono and/or di methyl derivative of at least one of the other constituents in the mixture, and tetralin comprising the remainder, e.g., about 1-22 wt. %.

Abstract: A process for improving the properties of a hydrogen donor coal liquefaction solvent employed in a coal liquefaction process which comprises separating said coal liquefaction solvent into a first fraction boiling in the range from about 350.degree. to about 675.degree. F., and a second fraction boiling in the range from about 675.degree. F. to about 1000.degree. F., hydrogenating said first fraction at a temperature ranging from about 600.degree. to about 800.degree. F., under a pressure of about 500 to 4000 psig, hydrogenating said second fraction at a temperature ranging from about 600.degree. to 700.degree. F. at a pressure from about 500 to 4000 psig and combining said hydrogenated first and second fractions to provide a coal liquefaction solvent having an increased concentration of hydrogen donor components.