Abstract: An aircraft extending along a longitudinal aircraft axis and having a nose wheel pivotal about an upright wheel axis can be maneuvered by a tractor extending along a longitudinal tractor axis and adapted to engage the nose wheel of the aircraft. The tractor and aircraft axes can extend at an angle to each other that should not exceed a predetermined maximum turnout angle. A turnout protection system has structure on the aircraft that is directed generally perpendicular of the aircraft axis and that is only directed toward the tractor when the aircraft and tractor axes extend generally at the maximum turnout angle relative to each other. At least one electronic sensor on the tractor directed toward the aircraft detects the structure when the aircraft and tractor axes extend generally at the maximum turnout angle relative to each other. A controller on the tractor takes action, e.g.

Abstract: An elevatable observation and target for combat vehicles increases safety and the reaction velocity by a stabilized vision line camera, that is remotely controlled from the combat compartment with an adjustable focal width prepared on an elevatable platform, with the camera comprising angle indicators for the generation of the prevailing sight line coordinates and the platform being capable of following the sight line of the panoramic camera as a function of the angle indicator signals.

Abstract: A process for the simulation of weapons fire for gunner training, particularly for the gunners of armored vehicles. The process allows the exact evaluation of every shot, including its prehistory, permits the accurate determination of the location of a hit and allows a simple evaluation of the shot--even under field maneuver conditions. The process provides that every target emitting a characteristic radiation which is received by a television camera together with the image of the target and transmitted to a control center. The signal received further contain coded characteristics for the identification of the vehicles providing the target image, so that if the reticule is located on the target at the instant of firing, a score is detected and a smoke charge may be optionally ignited on the target by a coded radio command.

Abstract: A method for the formation of a comparison square wave signal having a reference edge in a curve control device in which a scanning head periodically transversely scans a line to be tracked and transmits a base comparison square wave signal and a measurement square wave signal whose phase position is a criterion for the divergence of the scanning head from the desired value, and is determined by comparison with the position of the base comparison square wave signal, whereby a follow-up signal is formed which is dependent on the direction of the divergence. The method comprises forming by frequency halving, integration and threshold means, needle pulses from the base comparison square wave signal produced by the scanning head, each successive pair of the needle pulses being completely symmetrical to the reference edge and wherein the comparison square wave signal is formed from the needle pulses and the reference edge.

Abstract: A curve follower device having an optical scanner head circularly scanning a guide region containing a guide line and a separate code region provided at least on one side of the guide region, the measurement point of the head being a predetermined distance from its pivot point in the direction towards the guide line, and the head being movable along the guide region at a speed considerably slower than the scanning speed and being connected to a control device which forms from the signals delivered by the scanner head, control signals for the movement of the scanner head along the guide line. In the code region marks associated with the guide line as detected by the scanner head are provided in order to initiate further control commands in the control device, the length of the marks being greater than the width of the guide line.