Abstract: During an inventive laser ablation ICP-MS analysis method, solid matter samples (39) are examined in a frozen initial state. To this end, the sample chamber (2) as well as the carrier gas stream (12), which transports the ablated sample particles into the plasma (ICP-MS), are cooled to low temperatures (Tk). The physical conservation, especially of ice samples (3), results in obtaining a particularly high local resolution since their annual layers often remain preserved. An advantageous device (1) is provided with an insulated chamber (2) that can be cooled and with a simple circulating cooling device (17). The laser ablation analysis method can be used for all freezable sample materials used in mass spectrometry.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for controlling the temperature of a system in accordance with a desired temperature curve which is divided into predetermined time intervals. It is the object of the present invention to control the temperature of the system in such a manner that the predetermined and desired temperature curve is observed as exactly as possible.

Abstract: An atomic absorption spectrometer for measuring mercury concentration in a sample which includes an arrangement for producing emission lines of 184.9 and 253.7 nm at the same time, a sample accommodating chamber which can be irradiated with radiation of the emission lines, two electro-optical transducers responsive, with different sensitivities, to the radiation emission lines and arranged so that radiation passing through the sample chamber simultaneously impinges thereon, each extinction measuring means having a preselected extinction value range, and a comparator for switching between respective measurement ranges to determine the mercury concentration.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of polyurethane foams by the reaction of a foamable reaction mixture. A liquid blowing agent is added to either the isocyanate or the polyol prior to mixing of the components. An inert gas is dispersed in the component which contains the blowing agent and the gas charged component is immediately and continuously mixed with the other component, at the same time keeping it at least under the pressure required for charging it with gas until mixing has been completed, and leaving the resulting reaction mixture to foam up. The key to the present invention is in the small amount of gas charging.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an apparatus for applying a foam-forming flowable reaction mixture onto a substrate comprising an applicator tube connected to a mixer, said tube being provided with outlet openings and extending transversely over the substrate, further characterized in that the applicator tube is connected to a vibrating means.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process and a laminator for the continuous production of laminates of foam with facings. An upper facing and a lower facing and a web of meshwork are introduced into the foaming space of a laminator and a fluid reaction mixture is spread over the lower facing before it runs into the foaming space. The reaction mixture penetrates the web of meshwork as it foams up on its journey through the foaming space and becomes bonded to the facings.

Abstract: A shifting mechanism for reverse drive that slows the input shaft of a manual transmission in which a reverse gear wheel is shifted into engagement with reverse drive gearwheels disposed on a constant mesh gear and an output shaft. In order to slow the input shaft with the clutch disconnected, a shift fork is located on a rotatable and displaceable gear selector shaft that carries a shift finger and shift forks displaceably thereon. The shift fork is axially displaceable against the force of a spring relative to a bracket arm connecting the fork to the shift finger. An axial cam cooperates with an inclined portion of the shift fork and two radial arms contact stop surfaces on the housing cover and on an arm of the shift fork.

Abstract: The invention relates to equipment for the continuous production of foam boards, which may be laminated between facings, from a liquid foamable reaction mixture. The apparatus broadly comprises a conveyor, a foam mixture application device located at or near one end of the conveyor and a transverse foam mixture distribution device located downstream of said application device and above said conveyor, the space between said distribution device and said conveyor being adjustable.

Abstract: The invention relates to equipment for the continuous production of foam boards, which may be laminated between facings, from a liquid foamable reaction mixture. The apparatus broadly comprises(i) a conveyor,(ii) an inclined table at one end of said conveyor, the incline of said table sloping downwardly toward said conveyor,(iii) a foam mixture application device located above said downwardly sloping surface, and(iv) a transverse foam mixture distribution device located downstream of said application device and located above said downwardly sloping surface thereby forming a space therewith. When sheets or relatively thin foam boards or sandwich boards are produced, the device used is generally additionally equipped with an upper conveyor. This invention primarily relates to such double conveyors. The liquid reaction mixture must be applied over the entire width in a particularly uniform layer in order to obtain a perfect final product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to equipment for the continuous production of foam boards, and particularly rigid foam boards, which may be laminated between facings. The apparatus broadly comprises a conveyor, which at the pouring end is equipped with an inclined table and a transverse distribution device, and a foam mixture application device provided above the table.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a process for the production of flame-resistant, hard foams which contain urethane groups from polyisocyanates, active-hydrogen containing compounds, water and/or organic blowing agents, and flame-retarding agents, the improvement wherein the flame-retarding agent used is a mixture of (a) an addition compound of (1) a mono-alcohol, a polyalcohol, or mixtures thereof, and (2) a lactam, and (b) a phosphorous containing acid or acid ester.