Abstract: A low excitation voltage luminescent phosphor screen structure is presented applicable to vacuum visual displays and other devices. The phosphor grains utilized in the luminescent screen are strongly bonded with molecular colonies of conductive metal oxide, which allows for the deposited layers of these phosphors to be excited to luminosity at significantly lower voltages than were previously possible. Also presented are methods for production and increasing the quality and control of low cost mass production of such luminescent screens with no toxic gas emission.

Abstract: A method for creating a solid layer (36A or 52A) through which openings (38 or 54) extend entails subjecting particles (30) suspended in a fluid (26) to an electric field (E.sub.A) to cause a number of the particles to move towards, and accumulate over, a structure placed in the fluid. The structure, including the so-accumulated particles, is removed from the fluid. Solid material is deposited over the structure at least in the space between the so-accumulated particles. The particles, including any overlying material (36B or 52B), are removed. The remaining solid material forms the solid layer through which openings extend at the locations of the so-removed particles. The structure is typically a layer is then typically either a gate layer for the electron-emitting device or a layer used in forming the gate layer.

Abstract: Phosphor color screens with triad pitches of 150 .mu.m and less are fabricated by a combination of modified microelectronic processing techniques and electrophoretic coating of the phosphors and black screen. Indeed, triad pitches based on 15 .mu.m color line width and 5 .mu.m black matrix between colors are achievable.

Abstract: A far-red emitting phosphor for cathode ray tubes used in liquid crystal light valves comprises Y.sub.3-y Gd.sub.y Al.sub.5-x Ga.sub.x -O.sub.12 :A, where x ranges from 0 to 5, y ranges from 0 to 3, and A is selected from the group consisting of chromium, iron, vanadium, neodymium, dysprostum, cobalt, nickel, titanium or combination thereof.

Abstract: A far-red emitting phosphor for cathode ray tubes used in liquid crystal light valves comprises Y.sub.3-y Gd.sub.y Al.sub.5-x Ga.sub.x O.sub.12 :A, where x ranges from 0 to 5, y ranges from 0 to 3, and A is selected from the group consisting of chromium, iron, vanadium, neodymium, dysprosium, cobalt, nickel, titanium or combination thereof.

Abstract: A far-red emitting phosphor for cathode ray tubes used in liquid crystal light valves comprises lithium aluminum (or gallium) oxide, activated with iron or chromium. Increasing the activator concentration from 0.005 mole (commercially available) to about 0.015 to 0.05 mole increases the phosphor efficiency by about 50% and reduces the decay time from 30 msec (for the commerically available material) to 19 msec. Reducing the particle size to an average of 4 .mu.m or less provides the requisite high resolution for the CRT application.

Abstract: A doubly activated yttriuim aluminum garnet (YAG) phosphor, activated with both europium and chromium, is provided. The concentration of Eu ranges from about 1 to 5 at %, while the concentration of Cr ranges from about 0.1 to 1 at %. The YAG:Eu,Cr phosphor has a line spectrum which more closely matches the spectral sensitivity of amorphous silicon liquid crystal light valves thereby, providing more efficient use of the available energy.