Abstract: An electronic settling system in which illegal use involving a missing IC card is prevented, characterized by comprising an IC card for storing settlement data for settling a charge with a financial institution and payment data corresponding to charges for services or on merchandise, wherein the settlement data is used in effecting a settlement of a charge with a financial institution; an electronic settling terminal carried by a user of the IC card; and, a charge-settling computer for effecting a settlement of a charge on the basis of the data stored in the IC card.

Abstract: In a device for removing nitrogen oxides from exhaust gas of a combustion device by spraying a treatment agent capable of chemically reducing nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas from an injector in a combustion chamber or an exhaust passage of the combustion device, the effectiveness of the treatment agent is optimized by detecting a combustion condition of the combustion device, and supplying water and at least one treatment agent in a selective and alternating manner according the detected combustion condition.