Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing acrylic acid from glycerin with a catalyst having a prolonged life. In the process for producing acrylic acid from glycerin, a molar ratio of oxygen to glycerin in a raw material gas is set to be not lower than 0.8 and not higher than 20.

Abstract: There is provided a process for producing acrolein from glycerin, exhibiting a suppressed decrease in the yield of acrolein with time. In the process for producing acrolein by dehydrating glycerin in the presence of a catalyst containing a metal phosphate, one, or two or more, metal phosphates are used, which are selected from aluminum salts, zirconium salts, manganese salts, alkali metal salts (provided that the alkali metal is sodium, potassium, or cesium, and the ratio between the mole number (M) of the alkali metal and the mole number (P) of phosphoric acid (i.e., M/P ratio) in the metal phosphate is 2.0 or lower), alkali earth metal salts (provided that the ratio between the mole number (M) of the alkali earth metal and the mole number (P) of phosphoric acid (i.e., M/P ratio) in the metal phosphate is 1.0 or lower), and the like.

Abstract: There are provided a process, an apparatus, and an acrolein-containing composition, for producing acrylic acid from the acrolein-containing composition at a high yield. The process for producing acrylic acid includes a refinement step of removing phenol and/or 1-hydroxyacetone from an acrolein-containing composition and an oxidation step of oxidizing acrolein in the acrolein-containing composition after the refinement step to produce acrylic acid, and the apparatus to be used in the process includes a refiner to be used in the refinement step and an oxidation reactor for oxidizing acrolein to produce acrylic acid. The acrolein-containing composition is a composition having a (mass of phenol)/(mass of acrolein) ratio of 0.020 or lower and a (mass of 1-hydroxyacetone)/(mass of acrolein) ratio of 0.020 or lower.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing acrylic acid from glycerin with a catalyst having a prolonged life. In the process for producing acrylic acid from glycerin, a molar ratio of oxygen to glycerin in a raw material gas is set to be not lower than 0.8 and not higher than 20.

Abstract: There is provided a process for producing acrolein from glycerin, exhibiting a suppressed decrease in the yield of acrolein with time. In the process for producing acrolein by dehydrating glycerin in the presence of a catalyst containing a metal phosphate, one, or two or more, metal phosphates are used, which are selected from aluminum salts, zirconium salts, manganese salts, alkali metal salts (provided that the alkali metal is sodium, potassium, or cesium, and the ratio between the mole number (M) of the alkali metal and the mole number (P) of phosphoric acid (i.e., M/P ratio) in the metal phosphate is 2.0 or lower), alkali earth metal salts (provided that the ratio between the mole number (M) of the alkali earth metal and the mole number (P) of phosphoric acid (i.e., M/P ratio) in the metal phosphate is 1.0 or lower), and the like.

Abstract: Lower alkenes of from 2 to 5 carbon atoms, such as propene, are produced by the vapor phase catalytic oxidative dehyrogenation of lower alkane, such as propane, using a mixed metal oxide catalyst of formula (1) as decribed, containing manganese and at least one additional metal as essential elements, e.g., Mn1Sb0.15Ox, Mn1P0.2Ox, Mn1SO0.15W0.05Cr0.1Ox. The lower alkene may be further oxidatively dehydrogenated using a mixed metal oxide catalyst of formula (1), especially formula (2), as described, to produce a mixture of unsaturated aldehyde and unsaturated acid. The unsaturated aldehyde may be further oxidatively dehydrogenated in the vapor phase in the presence of mixed metal oxide catalyst of formula (1), especially formula (3).

Abstract: Lower alkenes of from 2 to 5 carbon atoms, such as propene, are produced by the vapor phase catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of lower alkane, such as propane, using a mixed metal oxide catalyst of formula (1) as decribed, containing manganese and at least one additional metal as essential elements, e.g., Mn1Sb0.15Ox, Mn1P0.2Ox, Mn1S0.15W0.05Cr0.1Ox. The lower alkene may be further oxidatively dehydrogenated using a mixed metal oxide catalyst of formula (1), especially formula (2), as described, to produce a mixture of unsaturated aldehyde and unsaturated acid. The unsaturated aldehyde may be further oxidatively dehydrogenated in the vapor phase in the presence of mixed metal oxide catalyst of formula (1), especially formula (3).

Abstract: The present invention has for its object to provide a production method of a pyromellitic anhydride which is not only conducive to an increased catalyst life and, hence, an enhanced operating rate of a plant (reduced downtime) and a reduction in catalyst cost but also conducive to reductions in byproducts and, hence, savings in the cost of after-treatments such as collection and purification. A production method of a pyromellitic anhydride comprising a step for catalytic gas-phase oxidation of a starting mixture gas consisting of a tetraalkylbenzene and/or a trialkylbenzaldehyde and a molecular oxygen-containing gas in a fixed-bed type reactor having a catalyst bed wherein the production method of a pyromellitic anhydride is carried out under the condition that the moisture content of said starting mixture gas to be introduced into the catalyst bed is not more than 2 volume %.

Abstract: The present invention has for its object to provide a production method of a pyromellitic anhydride which is not only conducive to an increased catalyst life and, hence, an enhanced operating rate of a plant (reduced downtime) and a reduction in catalyst cost but also conducive to reductions in byproducts and, hence, savings in the cost of after-treatments such as collection and purification.

Abstract: A solid acid-base catalyst contains vanadium pentoxide hydrate. Moreover, it is preferable that the vanadium pentoxide hydrate in the solid acid-base catalyst has a composition which is represented by the following general equation (1): V2O5.nH2O  (1) (n: 0.1-3). Creation of the vanadium pentoxide hydrate was confirmed by measuring X-ray diffraction spectrum shown in FIG. 1. In accordance with the above arrangement, the solid acid-base catalyst can sufficiently display catalytic activity under mild conditions, and it can be suitably applied to various reactions, such as the syntheses of olefins or ethers through dehydration reactions of alcohols, the syntheses of aldehydes or ketones through dehydrogenation reactions of alcohols, hydrations and isomerization reactions of olefins, alkylations, esterifications, amidations, acetalizations, aminations, hydrogen shift reactions, aldol condensation reactions and polymerization reactions.

Abstract: The present invention has for its object to provide a production method of pyromellitic anhydride of high purity in good yield at low cost by catalytic gas-phase oxidation of a 2,4,5-trialkylbenzaldehyde with the aid of a suitable catalyst system. The present invention relates to a production method of pyromellitic anhydride comprising a step for catalytic gas-phase oxidation of a 2,4,5-trialkylbenzaldehyde with a molecular oxygen-containing gas in which said step for catalytic gas-phase oxidation is carried out in the presence of a catalyst such that a specific surface area of the catalytic active component thereof is not greater than 50 m2/g or in the presence of a catalyst containing vanadium as well as molybdenum and/or tungsten as a catalytic active component.

Abstract: The present invention has for its object to provide a production method of pyromellitic anhydride of high purity in good yield at low cost by catalytic gas-phase oxidation of a 2,4,5-trialkylbenzaldehyde with the aid of a suitable catalyst system.

Abstract: Lower alkenes of from 2 to 5 carbon atoms, such as propene, are produced by the vapor phase catalytic oxidative dehyrogenation of lower alkane, such as propane, using a mixed metal oxide catalyst of formula (1) as decribed, containing manganese and at least one additional metal as essential elements, e.g., Mn1Sb0.15Ox, Mn1P0.2Ox, Mn1S0.15W0.05Cr0.1Ox. The lower alkene may be further oxidatively dehydrogenated using a mixed metal oxide catalyst of formula (1), especially formula (2), as described, to produce a mixture of unsaturated aldehyde and unsaturated acid. The unsaturated aldehyde may be further oxidatively dehydrogenated in the vapor phase in the presence of mixed metal oxide catalyst of formula (1), especially formula (3).

Abstract: A solid acid-base catalyst contains vanadium pentoxide hydrate.

Abstract: Vanadium-containing catalysts are obtained by using polyvanadic acid as a source of vanadium. Vanadium-containing catalysts are obtained by mixing catalyst components other than vanadium, or their precursors, with a polyvanadic acid sol which is formed by ion-exchanging a metavanadic acid aqueous solution with a proton-type cation-exchange resin and performing polycondensation, and by drying and/or calcining the mixture.

Abstract: The invention provides catalysts for oxidative dehydrogenation of lower alkanes, said catalysts being suitable for use in vapor phase oxidative dehydrogenation of C2-C5 lower alkanes in the presence of molecular oxygen to produce corresponding olefins and characterized by having a composition expressed by a general formula (I) below:

Abstract: The invention provides process for oxidative dehydrogenation of lower alkanes, by vapor phase oxidative dehydrogenation of C2-C5 lower alkanes in the presence of a catalyst and molecular oxygen to produce the corresponding olefins, in which the catalyst has a composition expressed by a general formula (1) below: A&agr;Sb&bgr;W&ggr;D&dgr;Ox   (1) in which A is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum and chromium; Sb is antimony; W is tungsten; O is oxygen; and D is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of V, Nb, Ta, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Zn, B, Tl, Sn, Pb, Te, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, La, Ce and Sm; &agr;, &bgr;, &ggr;, &dgr; and x denote atomic numbers of A, Sb, W, D and O, respectively, where when &agr;=1, &bgr;=0.5-10, &ggr;=0.1-10 and &dgr;=0-3; and x is a numerical value determined by the state of oxidation of those elements other than oxygen.

Abstract: Vanadium-containing catalysts are obtained by using polyvanadic acid as a source of vanadium. Vanadium-containing catalysts are obtained by mixing catalyst components other than vanadium, or their precursors, with a polyvanadic acid sol which is formed by ion-exchanging a metavanadic acid aqueous solution with a proton-type cation-exchange resin and performing polycondensation, and by drying and/or calcining the mixture.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of (meth)acrylonitriles following ammoxidation process comprising catalytically oxidizing at least one saturated hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of propane and isobutane with a mixed gas containing mole-cular oxygen and ammonia in the presence of a catalyst, is provided, the method being characterized by the use of a catalyst composed of complex oxide which is expressed by the general formula (I) below:Cr.alpha.Sb.beta.W.gamma.Ox (I)(in which .alpha., .beta. and .gamma. denote the number of atoms of Cr, Sb and W, respectively, and when .alpha. is 1, .beta. is 0.5-5 and .gamma. is 0.2-2; and x is a value determined by valence of the existing elements).According to this method, the object nitriles can be prepared at high yields with industrial advantages.