Abstract: A method is provided for forming high-appearance multi-layer coating films by sequentially providing an undercoating film with a water-based intermediate coat and a topcoat while controlling the imbibing or inversion at each interface between the respective coating films.

Abstract: A colored coating composition comprising (a) 5 to 60% by weight of a polymer having a carboxyl group and a carboxylate group; (b) 5 to 60% by weight of a polymer having a hydroxyl group and an epoxy group; (c) 0.05 to 20% by weight of a pigment-dispersing agent; and (d) 0.1 to 50% by weight of a pigment; (wherein, each amount formulated of the components (a) to (d) is based on the weight of total solid in the colored coating composition), wherein, an acid total amount AR and a base total amount BR which are derived from said pigment-dispersing agent, and an acid total amount AP and a base total amount BP which are derived from said pigment, suffice the following relations: AR>0.5 BP or BR>0.5 AP, and AR+AP >BR. Thus provided is a solid color coating composition that can meet the requirements of mar resistance, acid resistance, storage stability, and excellent appearance.

Abstract: The curable resin composition of this invention provides for a coating film having a high quality appearance, high acid resistance, mar resistance and further an excellent adhesive property and also can be provided with a high-solid feature. The coating composition obtainable with the curable resin composition of this invention can be provided with an excellent NSR-ability and can be advantageously used for automotive parts and exterior building materials, among other uses.