Abstract: Sheaths that may be used with endoscopes, and in particular, robotic endoscopes and/or telescoping endoscopes, as well as method of using these sheaths to prevent cross-contamination between patients and contamination of the endoscope are described. These sheaths include both an outer sheath for covering the outside of the endoscope and one or more inner sheaths for covering a lumen of the endoscope, and are configured so as not to interfere with the flexibility or operation of the endoscope. These sheaths may reduce or eliminate the need for endoscope cleaning.

Abstract: Sheaths that may be used with endoscopes, and in particular, robotic endoscopes and/or telescoping endoscopes, as well as method of using these sheaths to prevent cross-contamination between patients and contamination of the endoscope are described. These sheaths include both an outer sheath for covering the outside of the endoscope and one or more inner sheaths for covering a lumen of the endoscope, and are configured so as not to interfere with the flexibility or operation of the endoscope. These sheaths may reduce or eliminate the need for endoscope cleaning.

Abstract: Methods for preventing contamination of an endoscope may include coupling a sheath device to cover both the inside and outside of the endoscope. The sheath device may include a rigidizing flexible tubular external sheath that extends over the endoscope to form an external protective barrier, a tubular internal sheath that extends within a lumen of the endoscope that forms an internal protective barrier, and a cap sealed to both the external sheath and the internal sheath. The sheath may be rigidized to enhance insertion.

Abstract: Methods for preventing contamination of an endoscope may include coupling a sheath device to cover both the inside and outside of the endoscope. The sheath device may include a rigidizing flexible tubular external sheath that extends over the endoscope to form an external protective barrier, a tubular internal sheath that extends within a lumen of the endoscope that forms an internal protective barrier, and a cap sealed to both the external sheath and the internal sheath. The sheath may be rigidized to enhance insertion.

Abstract: A dynamic counterbalance system is provided. The dynamic counterbalance system can include a compound pulley system and an adjustment arm. The compound pulley system can include a frame, a spring, a variable radius pulley, a plurality of mounted pulleys, a plurality of moveable pulleys, and a plurality of lines. The adjustment arm can include a mountable support, a spool support, a spool, an arm inner support, a rod support, an extended rod, a rod end cap, a traveling pulley, a dynamic pulley, and a plurality of lines.

Abstract: Methods for preventing contamination of an endoscope may include coupling a sheath device to cover both the inside and outside of the endoscope. The sheath device may include a rigidizing flexible tubular external sheath that extends over the endoscope to form an external protective barrier, a tubular internal sheath that extends within a lumen of the endoscope that forms an internal protective barrier, and a cap sealed to both the external sheath and the internal sheath. The sheath may be rigidized to enhance insertion.

Abstract: Methods for preventing contamination of an endoscope may include coupling a sheath device to cover both the inside and outside of the endoscope. The sheath device may include a rigidizing flexible tubular external sheath that extends over the endoscope to form an external protective barrier, a tubular internal sheath that extends within a lumen of the endoscope that forms an internal protective barrier, and a cap sealed to both the external sheath and the internal sheath. The sheath may be rigidized to enhance insertion.

Abstract: Methods for preventing contamination of an endoscope may include coupling a sheath device to cover both the inside and outside of the endoscope. The sheath device may include a rigidizing flexible tubular external sheath that extends over the endoscope to form an external protective barrier, a tubular internal sheath that extends within a lumen of the endoscope that forms an internal protective barrier, and a cap sealed to both the external sheath and the internal sheath. The sheath may be rigidized to enhance insertion.

Abstract: Methods for preventing contamination of an endoscope may include coupling a sheath device to cover both the inside and outside of the endoscope. The sheath device may include a rigidizing flexible tubular external sheath that extends over the endoscope to form an external protective barrier, a tubular internal sheath that extends within a lumen of the endoscope that forms an internal protective barrier, and a cap sealed to both the external sheath and the internal sheath. The sheath may be rigidized to enhance insertion.

Abstract: Methods for preventing contamination of an endoscope may include coupling a sheath device to cover both the inside and outside of the endoscope. The sheath device may include a rigidizing flexible tubular external sheath that extends over the endoscope to form an external protective barrier, a tubular internal sheath that extends within a lumen of the endoscope that forms an internal protective barrier, and a cap sealed to both the external sheath and the internal sheath. The sheath may be rigidized to enhance insertion.

Abstract: Described herein are multi-leaf collimators that comprise leaf drive mechanisms. The leaf drive mechanisms can be used in binary multi-leaf collimators used in emission-guided radiation therapy. One variation of a multi-leaf collimator comprises a pneumatics-based leaf drive mechanism. Another variation of a multi-leaf collimator comprises a spring-based leaf drive mechanism having a spring resonator.

Abstract: Methods for preventing contamination of an endoscope may include coupling a sheath device to cover both the inside and outside of the endoscope. The sheath device may include a rigidizing flexible tubular external sheath that extends over the endoscope to form an external protective barrier, a tubular internal sheath that extends within a lumen of the endoscope that forms an internal protective barrier, and a cap sealed to both the external sheath and the internal sheath. The sheath may be rigidized to enhance insertion.

Abstract: Apparatuses and method for determining if an endoscope is contaminated may include a sheath device to cover both the inside and outside of the endoscope. The sheath device may include a flexible tubular external sheath that extends over the endoscope to form an external protective barrier, a tubular internal sheath that extends within a lumen of the endoscope that forms an internal protective barrier, and a cap sealed to both the external sheath and the internal sheath, and a proximal sealing collar that is configured to allow the space between the endoscope and the external and/or inner sheaths to be pressurized to detect leaks indicating contamination.

Abstract: Described herein are multi-leaf collimators that comprise leaf drive mechanisms. The leaf drive mechanisms can be used in binary multi-leaf collimators used in emission-guided radiation therapy. One variation of a multi-leaf collimator comprises a pneumatics-based leaf drive mechanism. Another variation of a multi-leaf collimator comprises a spring-based leaf drive mechanism having a spring resonator.

Abstract: A port adapter manifold may couple to one or more multi-lumen catheters to form sealed individual connections between each lumen of the multi-lumen catheter, allowing controlled access to each lumen. Described herein are apparatuses and methods, including in particular endoscope sheath systems, that include a port adapter manifold that is configured to couple to a proximal end region of a multi-lumen catheter to form a plurality of sealed ports in fluid communication with each lumen of the multi-lumen catheter.

Abstract: Apparatuses and method for determining if an endoscope is contaminated may include a sheath device to cover both the inside and outside of the endoscope. The sheath device may include a flexible tubular external sheath that extends over the endoscope to form an external protective barrier, a tubular internal sheath that extends within a lumen of the endoscope that forms an internal protective barrier, and a cap sealed to both the external sheath and the internal sheath, and a proximal sealing collar that is configured to allow the space between the endoscope and the external and/or inner sheaths to be pressurized to detect leaks indicating contamination.

Abstract: Sheaths that may be used with endoscopes, and in particular, robotic endoscopes and/or telescoping endoscopes, as well as method of using these sheaths to prevent cross-contamination between patients and contamination of the endoscope are described. These sheaths include both an outer sheath for covering the outside of the endoscope and one or more inner sheaths for covering a lumen of the endoscope, and are configured so as not to interfere with the flexibility or operation of the endoscope. These sheaths may reduce or eliminate the need for endoscope cleaning.

Abstract: Described herein are multi-leaf collimators that comprise leaf drive mechanisms. The leaf drive mechanisms can be used in binary multi-leaf collimators used in emission-guided radiation therapy. One variation of a multi-leaf collimator comprises a pneumatics-based leaf drive mechanism. Another variation of a multi-leaf collimator comprises a spring-based leaf drive mechanism having a spring resonator.

Abstract: Described herein are multi-leaf collimators that comprise leaf drive mechanisms. The leaf drive mechanisms can be used in binary multi-leaf collimators used in emission-guided radiation therapy. One variation of a multi-leaf collimator comprises a pneumatics-based leaf drive mechanism. Another variation of a multi-leaf collimator comprises a spring-based leaf drive mechanism having a spring resonator.

Abstract: A biological navigation device that can be attached or integrated with an elongated element, such as a colonoscope, is disclosed. The device can be used for navigation through a biological lumen. The device can have an everting tube controllably tearable substantially in the direction of the long axis of the device. The elongated element can be deployed through a channel formed in the inner virtual space of the channel extending along the long axis.