Abstract: An exhaust gas emissions control system lowers cold-start hydrocarbon emissions by using heat exchange structure to lower the temperature of exhaust gas prior to the exhaust gas passing through a hydrocarbon adsorbent and using the extracted heat to heat a catalytic converter to its light-off temperature. In some embodiments, multi-component hydrocarbon adsorbers effective under different operating conditions further reduce cold-start hydrocarbon emissions.

Abstract: An exhaust gas emissions control system lowers cold-start hydrocarbon emissions by using heat exchange structure to lower the temperature of exhaust gas prior to the exhaust gas passing through a hydrocarbon adsorbent and using the extracted heat to heat a catalytic converter to its light-off temperature. In some embodiments, multi-component hydrocarbon adsorbers effective under different operating conditions further reduce cold-start hydrocarbon emissions.

Abstract: An exhaust gas emissions control system lowers cold-start hydrocarbon emissions by using heat exchange structure to lower the temperature of exhaust gas prior to the exhaust gas passing through a hydrocarbon adsorbent and using the extracted heat to heat a catalytic converter to its light-off temperature. In some embodiments, multi-component hydrocarbon adsorbers effective under different operating conditions further reduce cold-start hydrocarbon emissions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and a catalyst for the fluid bed incineration of a combustible hydrocarbon feedstock. The process comprises contacting the feedstock with a mixture of a fluidized heat transfer media and a combustion promoter catalyst, in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas stream in excess of that required for complete combustion of the carbon monoxide formed, at feedstock combustion conditions. The combustion promoter catalyst consists essentially of particulate with a particle size of greater than 150 microns and includes a promoter metal present in an amount to provide a substantially carbon monoxide-free flue gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and a catalyst for the fluid bed incineration of a combustible hydrocarbon feedstock. The process comprises contacting the feedstock with a mixture of a fluidized heat transfer media and a combustion promoter catalyst, in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas stream in excess of that required for complete combustion of the carbon monoxide formed, at feedstock combustion conditions. The combustion promoter catalyst consists essentially of particulate with a particle size of greater than 100 microns and includes a promoter metal present in an amount to provide a substantially carbon monoxide-free flue gas.

Abstract: Sulfur oxides are removed from a gas by an absorbent which comprises an inorganic oxide composition in association with at least one free or combined rare earth metal selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, samarium and dysprosium, wherein said inorganic oxide composition is selected from the group consisting of MgAl.sub.2 O.sub.4, mixtures of alumina with magnesium oxide and mixtures of magnesium oxide with MgAl.sub.2 O.sub.4. The absorbent can be circulated through a fluidized catalytic cracking process together with hydrocarbon cracking catalyst to reduce sulfur oxide emissions from the regeneration zone.

Abstract: This invention provides for a method of preparing zeolite A from spent metals-contaminated cracking catalyst while concomitantly removing at least a portion of one of the contaminant and catalytic metals from the spent catalyst by contacting the spent catalyst with a solution containing an alkali metal hydroxide and a sufficient amount of sodium aluminate under hydrothermal conditions for a specified period of time to form the zeolite A.

Abstract: A system is provided in which particulates and sulfur oxides are simultaneously removed from flue gases in a granular bed filter with special sulfur oxide-capturing and particulate-removing material. The spent sulfur oxide-capturing and particulate-removing material can be regenerated in a lift pipe riser.

Abstract: A process is provided in which particulates and sulfur oxides are simultaneously removed from flue gases in a granular bed filter and scrubber with special sulfur oxide-capturing and particulate-removing material. The spent sulfur oxide-capturing and particulate-removing material can be regenerated in a lift pipe riser.

Abstract: Sulfur oxides are removed from a gas by an absorbent comprising at least one inorganic oxide selected from the group consisting of the oxides of aluminum, magnesium, zinc, titanium, and calcium in association with yttrium or yttrium combined with at least one free or combined rare earth metal selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, samarium, and dysprosium, wherein the ratio by weight of inorganic oxide or oxides to yttrium or yttrium combined with a rare earth metal or metals is from about 0.1 to about 30,000. Absorbed sulfur oxides are recovered as a sulfur-containing gas by contacting the spent absorbent with a hydrocarbon in the presence of a hydrocarbon cracking catalyst at a temperture from about 375.degree. to about 900.degree. C. The absorbent can be circulated through a fluidized catalytic cracking process together with the hydrocarbon cracking catalyst to reduce sulfur oxide emissions from the regeneration zone thereof.

Abstract: An absorbent for sulfur oxides comprising an inorganic oxide composition in association with at least one free or combined rare earth metal selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, samarium and dysprosium, wherein said inorganic oxide composition is selected from the group consisting of MgAl.sub.2 O.sub.4, mixtures of alumina with magnesium oxide and mixtures of magnesium oxide with MgAl.sub.2 O.sub.4. The absorbent can be circulated through a fluidized catalytic cracking process together with hydrocarbon cracking catalyst to reduce sulfur oxide emissions from the regeneration zone.

Abstract: Sulfur oxides are removed from a gas by an absorbent which comprises a physical mixture of (1) a particulate cracking catalyst comprising from about 0.5 to about 50 weight percent of a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite which is distributed throughout a porous matrix wherein said matrix comprises from about 70 to about 100 weight percent of alumina and (2) a particulate solid other than cracking catalyst which comprises at least one inorganic oxide selected from the group consisting of the oxides of aluminum and magnesium in association with at least one free or combined rare earth metal selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, samarium and dysprosium, wherein the ratio by weight of inorganic oxide or oxides to rare earth metal or metals is from about 1.0 to about 1,000. Absorbed sulfur oxides are recovered as a sulfur-containing gas comprising hydrogen sulfide by contacting the spent absorbent with a hydrocarbon at a temperature from about 375.degree. to about 900.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a phosphorus/vanadium/metal oxide catalyst suitable for the oxidation of butane to maleic anhydride can be prepared by reacting orthophosphoric acid in an aliphatic alcohol and reacting a vanadium compound with an acid and the metal in the aliphatic alcohol to produce the phosphorus/vanadium/metal oxide catalyst.

Abstract: Sulfur oxides are removed from a gas by an absorbent comprising at least one inorganic oxide selected from the group consisting of the oxides of aluminum, magnesium, zinc, titanium, and calcium in association with yttrium or yttrium combined with at least one free or combined rare earth metal selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, samarium, and dysprosium, wherein the ratio by weight of inorganic oxide or oxides to yttrium or yttrium combined with a rare earth metal or metals is from about 0.1 to about 30,000. Absorbed sulfur oxides are recovered as a sulfur-containing gas by contacting the spent absorbent with a hydrocarbon in the presence of a hydrocarbon cracking catalyst at a temperature from about 375.degree. to about 900.degree. C. The absorbent can be circulated through a fluidized catalytic cracking process together with the hydrocarbon cracking catalyst to reduce sulfur oxide emissions from the regeneration zone thereof.

Abstract: Sulfur oxides are removed from a gas by an absorbent comprising magnesium oxide in association with at least one free or combined rare earth metal selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, samarium, and dysprosium, wherein the ratio by weight of inorganic oxide or oxides to rare earth metal or metals is from about 0.1 to about 30,000. Absorbed sulfur oxides are recovered as a sulfur-containing gas comprising hydrogen sulfide by contacting the spent absorbent with a hydrocarbon in the presence of a hydrocarbon cracking catalyst at a temperature from about 375.degree. to about 900.degree. C. The absorbent can be circulated through a fluidized catalytic cracking process together with the hydrocarbon cracking catalyst to reduce sulfur oxide emissions from the regeneration zone.

Abstract: Sulfur oxides are removed from a gas with absorbents and then are removed from the absorbents by contact with a hydrocarbon in the presence of a cracking catalyst. The absorbents comprise an exhaustively-exchanged rare-earth-form zeolite and a free form of an inorganic oxide selected from the group consisting of the oxides of aluminum, magnesium, zinc, titanium, and calcium. The sulfur oxides are removed from the absorbents as a sulfur-containing gas which comprises hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: Sulfur oxides are removed from a gas by an absorbent which comprises alumina in association with free or combined lanthanum, wherein the ratio by weight of alumina to lanthanum is from about 0.1 to about 30,000. Absorbed sulfur oxides are recovered as a sulfur-containing gas comprising hydrogen sulfide by contacting the spent absorbent with a hydrocarbon in the presence of a hydrocarbon cracking catalyst at a temperature from about 375.degree. to about 900.degree. C. The absorbent can be circulated through a fluidized catalytic cracking process together with the hydrocarbon cracking catalyst to reduce sulfur oxide emissions from the regeneration zone.

Abstract: Sulfur oxides are removed from a gas by an absorbent comprising at least one inorganic oxide selected from the group consisting of the oxides of aluminum, magnesium, zinc, titanium, and calcium in association with at least one free or combined rare earth metal selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, samarium, and dysprosium, wherein the ratio by weight of inorganic oxide or oxides to rare earth metal or metals is from about 0.1 to about 30,000. Absorbed sulfur oxides are recovered as a sulfur-containing gas comprising hydrogen sulfide by contacting the spent absorbent with a hydrocarbon in the presence of a hydrocarbon cracking catalyst at a temperature from about 375.degree. to about 900.degree. C. The absorbent can be circulated through a fluidized catalytic cracking process together with the hydrocarbon cracking catalyst to reduce sulfur oxide emissions from the regeneration zone.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon cracking catalyst is treated with zinc to passivate contaminant metals, e.g., nickel, copper, vanadium, and iron, which are deposited on the catalyst during the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: The process comprises passing the exhaust gas through a reduction zone containing a catalyst comprising a nickel component, a rhodium component, and a monolithic ceramic support and being maintained at a temperature of about 700.degree. to about 1,800.degree. F. The catalyst may also contain a platinum component and/or a palladium component and the monolithic ceramic support may be coated with a wash coat of a ceramic material having a relatively high surface area. The nickel component and the rhodium component are deposited upon the monolithic ceramic support sequentially and in that order.