Abstract: A garment embellishment, having no neck or collar attachment means, is provided allowing the wearer of casual clothing to quickly attach the embellishment and thereby formalize his clothing. The embellishment may take the place of a more formal necktie, bolo tie, or scarf and may be easily transported in a pocket, purse or briefcase so that it is immediately available to help dress-up casual clothing. Further, the embellishment may be used as a novelty at parties, political rallies and other places where the display of a message may be desired. The embellishment may be removably attached to clothing by use of double-sided adhesives, hook and loop fasteners, pins, snaps, button loops or other buttoning attachments. The embellishment may be worn with a jacket or blazer or alone on a shirt or blouse to provide more decoration to clothing.

Abstract: A solvent that is biodegradable, provides effective solvency for a broad range of tasks and is generally benign to human health is disclosed. This solvent is a mixture of a lactate ester and an edible oil ester having a closed cup flash point in excess of 60° C., and can include other non-halogenated solvents and surfactants.

Abstract: A solvent that is biodegradable, provides effective solvency for a broad range of tasks and is generally benign to human health is disclosed. This solvent is a mixture of a lactate ester and an edible oil ester that has a flash point greater that 93.degree. C., and can include other non-halogenated solvents and surfactants.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the removal of algae-associated odorant from fresh water by contacting such water with cyclodextrin and recovering the water so contacted.

Abstract: A process for the separation of pentavalent arsenic from an aqueous solution using an N-alkyl pyridinium-containing adsorption medium is disclosed. An oxidizing medium and process for the oxidation of trivalent arsenic to pentavalent arsenic with removal of the pentavalent arsenic so formed is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for removing contaminating levels of selenium from a contaminated aqueous solution is disclosed. That process includes providing a vessel or flow-permissive container containing a water-insoluble polymeric adsorption medium having a plurality of polymerized C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 N-alkylated pyridinium-containing adsorption sites. An influent of an aqueous solution having a total selenium concentration of about 10 to about 1000 parts per billion is introduced to the vessel or flow-permissive container to contact the insoluble polymeric adsorption medium. The solution is maintained in contact with that insoluble adsorption medium for a time period sufficient for the medium to bind the selenium in the contacting solution. The resulting aqueous solution is discharged from the vessel as an effluent having a total selenium concentration whose ratio to the total selenium concentration of the influent is about zero to about 10.sup.-3.

Abstract: A process for removing contaminating levels of hexavalent chromium ion ?Cr(VI)! from a concentrated aqueous solution of sodium sulfate. That process includes providing a vessel containing a water-insoluble adsorption medium having a plurality of polymerized pyridyl-containing adsorption sites. An influent of an aqueous solution of about 1.0 to about 2.0 molar (e.g., saturated) sodium sulfate having a total hexavalent chromium ion concentration of up to about 1000 parts per million, to the vessel to contact the insoluble adsorption medium. The solution is maintained in contact with that insoluble adsorption medium for a time period sufficient for the medium to bind the hexavalent chromium ions in the contacting solution. The resulting aqueous solution is discharged from the vessel as an effluent having a total hexavalent chromium ion concentration whose ratio to the total hexavalent chromium ion concentration of the influent is about zero to about 25.0.times.10.sup.-6.

Abstract: A short process is disclosed for the production of citric acid in high yield and purity. Conidia of Aspergillus niger are cultured in an aqueous solution of decationized glucose syrup in a fermentation medium whose manganese(II) concentration is 2.5 to less than 20 parts per billion and whose pH value is about 1.5 to about 3.0. The fermentation medium is maintained for about 4-7 days to form citric acid and mycelia pellets in an aqueous product broth. That broth is filtered and then electrodialyzed to form a citric acid-containing aqueous broth. That broth is decolorized and ion-exchanged to remove color and inorganic ions and form an aqueous citric acid solution in which citric acid constitutes at least 98 percent of the organic acid present.