Abstract: A method of removing carbon dioxide from an atmosphere and generating hydrogen includes capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in an alkaline capture solution, sending the alkaline capture solution to a series of electrolyzers in a CO2-rich path, wherein each electrolyzer cell raises the acidity of the input CO2-rich solution to produce an acidified CO2-rich solution, removing carbon dioxide from the acidified CO2-rich solution at a carbon removal unit to produce a CO2-poor solution, sending the CO2-poor solution to the series of electrolyzers in a return path, wherein each electrolyzer raises the alkalinity of the return CO2-poor solution to produce a basified CO2-poor solution, wherein a difference in pH between the CO2-rich solution and the CO2-poor solution within each electrolyzer is less than 3, and returning the basified CO2-poor solution to the carbon dioxide capture unit operation.

Abstract: A composition of matter includes a functionalized graphene derivative having at least one functional group bonded through a chemical linker to the graphene surface. A method includes reacting fluorographite with at least one reactant, wherein at least one reactant is one of either a di-functional or a multifunctional reactant, to produce a fluorographite derivative.

Abstract: A pair of bonded substrates having a first substrate of a first material, a second substrate of the first material, and an adhesive bonding the first substrate to the second substrate, wherein the adhesive has chemically linked compatibilizing particles compatible with the first and second substrates. A composition of matter has an adhesive having a chemically linked particle network forming a bond between a first substrate and a second substrate, wherein compatibilizing particles in the particle network are compatible with the first and second substrates. A method of joining two structures of identical materials includes preparing first and second structures to expose bare material, applying an adhesive to the bare material on the first and second structures, the adhesive containing compatibilizing particles compatible with the material and the preparing allows interaction between the material and the compatibilizing particles, and curing the adhesive.

Abstract: A system has an alkaline capture stream as an input, an alkaline depleted stream as an output, a carbon dioxide removal unit operation having a return stream as an output, and a series of electrolyzers, each electrolyzer to receive a CO2-rich input stream and produce an acidified output stream that is more acidic than the CO2-rich input stream, and to receive a return stream and produce a basified output stream that is more alkaline than the input return stream. A method of removing carbon dioxide from an atmosphere and generating hydrogen includes capturing carbon dioxide from an atmosphere in an alkaline capture solution, sending the alkaline solution as a CO2-rich input solution to a series of electrolyzers in a CO2-rich path, removing carbon dioxide from the acidified CO2-rich solution at a removal unit to produce a CO2-poor solution, sending the CO2-poor solution to the series of electrolyzers in a return path, and returning the return solution to the alkaline capture stream.