Abstract: Disclosed are a non-volatile memory device capable of performing memory operations in parallel and a method for operating the non-volatile memory device, and a system including the non-volatile memory device. A non-volatile memory system may include a memory controller suitable for controlling a memory; and the memory suitable for performing read and program operations in response to commands from the memory controller, and wherein the memory controller and the memory operate in a high interface mode, and operate in a low interface mode when an operation to read internal data or an operation to receive (N+1)th data is performed during an operation to program Nth data in the memory.

Abstract: Disclosed are a non-volatile memory device capable of performing memory operations in parallel and a method for operating the non-volatile memory device, and a system including the non-volatile memory device. A non-volatile memory system may include a memory controller suitable for controlling a memory; and the memory suitable for performing read and program operations in response to commands from the memory controller, and wherein the memory controller and the memory operate in a high interface mode, and operate in a low interface mode when an operation to read internal data or an operation to receive (N+1)th data is performed during an operation to program Nth data in the memory.

Abstract: Disclosed is a semiconductor memory device for controlling a memory block. The semiconductor memory device includes a plurality of memory blocks to store data, and controller. The memory controller requests a first memory block, of the plurality of memory blocks, to performing a copy operation to copy the first memory block to a second memory block of the plurality of memory blocks. The controller then requests the first memory block to perform an operation different than the copy operation. The controller then requests the memory block to stop the copy operation based on the to perform an operation different than the copy operation. Finally, the controller requests the memory block to resume the copy operation after the operation different than the copy operation is completed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods for producing hydrogen using photosynthetic bacteria comprising a step of culturing the photosynthetic bacteria in the presence of alcohol at the condition under which the photosynthesis occurs. The present methods are cost-effective and have a high applicability due to the increased hydrogen productivity compared to the conventional methods in addition to not being sensitive by the inhibitory action by ammonium ion present in the culture. Thus the present methods are particularly useful for producing hydrogen using organic wastes which contains large amount of ammonia therein.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for screening an antioxidant using mutant bacteria and chlorophyllide, and an antioxidant screened by the same method. The method provides for screening of an antioxidant by monitoring growth profiles of specific mutant bacteria in filter discs or medium blocks containing chlorophyllide added thereto, and an antioxidant screened by the same method. By monitoring growth profiles of mutant bacteria using mutant bacteria and chlorophyllide, screening of an antioxidant is possible on an industrial scale. In particular, the antioxidant screening method is useful for selective screening of an amphiphilic antioxidant. Therefore, it is possible to screen and commercialize low-toxic and effective antioxidants used in various food and cosmetic additives, as well as therapeutic medicines.

Abstract: A method of making a photosynthetic bacteria variant which that can produce hydrogen in both day and night. In one embodiment hydrogen is produced in a light independent manner by adding pyruvate lyase and formate lyase complex to a photosynthetic strain of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. A preferred photosynthetic bacteria variant that can produce hydrogen in both day and night from Rhodobacter sphaeroides is KCTC 12085.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for screening an antioxidant using mutant bacteria and chlorophyllide, and an antioxidant screened by the same method. More specifically, provided is a method for easy screening of an antioxidant by monitoring growth profiles of specific mutant bacteria in filter discs or medium blocks containing chlorophyllide added thereto, and an antioxidant screened by the same method. The present invention enables easy screening of an antioxidant on an industrial scale, by monitoring growth profiles of mutant bacteria via the use of mutant bacteria and chlorophyllide. In particular, the antioxidant screening method in accordance with the present invention is very useful for selective screening of an amphiphilic antioxidant. Therefore, the present invention is applicable to screen and commercialize low-toxic and effective antioxidants which will be used in various food and cosmetic additives as well as therapeutic medicines.