Abstract: A vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication-based electronic toll collection system (ETCS) according to an embodiment of the present invention includes at least one roadside unit (RSU), a token issuer checking a de-identified token of a vehicle by communicating with an on-board unit (OBU) of the vehicle via the at least one roadside unit, and a clearing house communicating with the token issuer and charging a toll to a driver/owner of the vehicle. The token issuer generates toll information of the vehicle based on the de-identified token of the vehicle and location information of the at least one roadside unit involved in checking the de-identified token.

Abstract: The present specification relates to a heterocyclic compound represented by Chemical Formula 1, an organic light emitting device comprising the same, a manufacturing method thereof, and an organic material layer composition.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for preparing an absorbable haemostatic composition for the body and the haemostatic composition prepared thereby, and the present disclosure is for providing a method for preparing an absorbable haemostatic composition for the body and the haemostatic composition prepared thereby, wherein the haemostatic composition can be used directly on the wound site when bleeding occurs in the surgical area such as surgical operation, trauma, etc. so that hemostasis can be effectively performed, the haemostatic composition can perform wound sealing, tissue repairing promotion, wound surface tissue protection, infection prevention, etc., the haemostatic composition is contained in haemostatic products such as gauze (cotton yarn), sponge, etc. to accelerate the hemostasis speed of the bleeding site and enable rapid hemostasis to be able to shorten the hemostasis time at the same time.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for preparing an absorbable haemostatic composition for the body and the haemostatic composition prepared thereby, and the present disclosure is for providing a method for preparing an absorbable haemostatic composition for the body and the haemostatic composition prepared thereby, wherein the haemostatic composition can be used directly on the wound site when bleeding occurs in the surgical area such as surgical operation, trauma, etc. so that hemostasis can be effectively performed, the haemostatic composition can perform wound sealing, tissue repairing promotion, wound surface tissue protection, infection prevention, etc., the haemostatic composition is contained in haemostatic products such as gauze (cotton yarn), sponge, etc. to accelerate the hemostasis speed of the bleeding site and enable rapid hemostasis to be able to shorten the hemostasis time at the same time.

Abstract: A battery management apparatus includes a plurality of battery cells connected to one another in at least one of a series connection or a parallel connection; a detector configured to detect electrical signals of the battery cells; a monitor configured to obtain the electrical signal for each of the battery cells and values of correlation coefficient corresponding to correlation results obtained based on the electrical signals, and to generate identification signals corresponding to the electrical signals of the battery cells based on the values of correlation coefficient and a reference value; and a storage configured to store the identification signals generated by the monitor for each of the battery cells. The monitor is configured to recognize a risk of failure of each of the battery cells based on an accumulated number of identification signals stored in the storage for each of the battery cells.

Abstract: Provided is a four-directional extended intervertebral fusion cage device including a front support, a rear support, and four plates having front ends engaged with the front support and rear ends engaged with the rear support, and configured to slide up in four different directions on inclined surfaces of the front support and the rear support and increase a height and a width of the cage device simultaneously, when the front support and the rear support move toward each other, facing each other.

Abstract: Provided is a spinal implant having a unit structure printed by using a 3D printer, which is inserted between a vertebra and an adjacent vertebra and in which unit bodies constituted by at least one or more circular rings are repeated with a certain pattern. The spinal implant may implement elastic force like the existing vertebrae while bone fusion is performed as well as a state in which the bone fusion is completed after a procedure to obtain superior procedure results.

Abstract: Provided is a spinal implant having a unit structure printed by using a 3D printer, which is inserted between a vertebra and an adjacent vertebra and in which unit bodies constituted by at least one or more circular rings are repeated with a certain pattern. The spinal implant may implement elastic force like the existing vertebrae while bone fusion is performed as well as a state in which the bone fusion is completed after a procedure to obtain superior procedure results.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an engine valve seat, including: iron (Fe) as a main component; about 0.6˜1.2 wt % of carbon (C); about 1.0˜3.0 wt % of nickel (Ni); about 8.0˜11.0 wt % of cobalt (Co); about 3.0˜6.0 wt % of chromium (Cr); about 4.0˜7.0 wt % of molybdenum (Mo); about 0.5˜2.5 wt % of tungsten (W); about 1.0˜3.0 wt % of manganese (Mn); about 0.2˜1.0 wt % of calcium (Ca); and other inevitable impurities.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an engine valve seat, including: iron (Fe) as a main component; about 0.6˜1.2 wt % of carbon (C); about 1.0˜3.0 wt % of nickel (Ni); about 8.0˜11.0 wt % of cobalt (Co); about 3.0˜6.0 wt % of chromium (Cr); about 4.0˜7.0 wt % of molybdenum (Mo); about 0.5˜2.5 wt % of tungsten (W); about 1.0˜3.0 wt % of manganese (Mn); about 0.2˜1.0 wt % of calcium (Ca); and other inevitable impurities.

Abstract: The tailgate hinge includes a base, an arm having a curling portion at one end of thereof, and a hinge pin for rotatably coupling the arm to the base. A terminal of the curling portion is spaced apart from the arm by a gap which has a size that is small enough to prevent the hinge pin from escaping therethrough. Preferably, the curling portion is also provided with an opening at the surface thereof. The gap and the opening facilitate the discharge of the moisture accumulated inside curling portion, so that the corrosion of the hinge can be effectively prevented.

Abstract: Fabrication and mounting of an array of M.times.N mirrors on an array of M.times.N electrodisplacive actuators is carried out by one of the two inventive methods, comprising the steps of: patterning a substrate into an array of M.times.N protrusions; forming subsequently a separation layer, a first, a second and a third metallic layers on a top of the array of M.times.N protrusions; bonding the array of M.times.N actuators on the protrusions; disengaging the array of M.times.N protrusions from an array of M.times.N mirror bodies by removing the separation layer; and forming a fourth metallic layer on the first metallic layer so as to provide the reflector to thereby provide the array of M.times.N actuated mirrors. The other method comprises the steps of: clamping physically a thin glass on a top surface of a substrate; plating a top surface of the thin glass with a bonding layer; bonding the array of M.times.

Abstract: A pixel data correction apparatus, which corrects the value of an input pixel using a predetermined corrected value of its corresponding actuated mirror in an array of M.times.N actuated mirrors, comprises a first corrector for gamma-correcting the value of the input pixel; a memory for storing a predetermined set of corrected values for said M.times.N actuated mirrors; an address data generator for generating address data representing the location of the input pixel; a circuit, responsive to the generated address data for the input pixel, for retrieving a predetermined corrected value from the corrected values of the stored predetermined set; and a second corrector for correcting the gamma-corrected value of the input pixel using the retrieved corrected value to thereby provide a corrected output pixel value.