Abstract: Disclosed is the recycling of aluminum dross. Aluminum dross is crushed into particles which are size-classified on the basis of 1 mm. The aluminum dross particles equal to or smaller than 1 mm in size are leached with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to give a leachate which contains sodium aluminate as a result of the reaction the aluminum metal of the aluminum dross particles with sodium hydroxide. The aluminum dross particles greater than 1 mm in size are remelted to recover aluminum metal. In the leachate, a small quantity of aluminum hydroxide is seeded, followed by hydrolyzing the sodium aluminate to obtain aluminum hydroxide. Meanwhile, the leachate is filtered to obtain a residue. This residue is subjected to washing, drying and roasting. The mixing of the roasted residue with aggregate and alumina cement gives alumina castable refractories.