Abstract: A vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication-based electronic toll collection system (ETCS) according to an embodiment of the present invention includes at least one roadside unit (RSU), a token issuer checking a de-identified token of a vehicle by communicating with an on-board unit (OBU) of the vehicle via the at least one roadside unit, and a clearing house communicating with the token issuer and charging a toll to a driver/owner of the vehicle. The token issuer generates toll information of the vehicle based on the de-identified token of the vehicle and location information of the at least one roadside unit involved in checking the de-identified token.

Abstract: A display device includes a first region, a second region adjacent to a side of the first region, and a third region adjacent to another side of the first region; a display panel in the first region, the second region and the third region; a window on and overlapping the display panel; and a bonding member between the display panel and the window and in the first region, the second region and the third region. The bonding member includes a first bonding part having a first elastic modulus and in the first region, a second bonding part having a second elastic modulus and in the second region, and a third bonding part having a third elastic modulus and in the third region. The first elastic modulus is greater than each of the second elastic modulus and the third elastic modulus.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for detecting anomalies in a system log on the basis of self-supervised learning, using a language model. The method comprises performing preprocessing on the system log, generating a normal token sequence having a preset length by concatenating tokenized log lines of the system log, generating an abnormal token sequence using the normal token sequence, calculating an anomaly score for a determination target token sequence using a sentence classification model, and determining the token sequence as an abnormal system log when the calculated anomaly score is greater than a threshold value.

Abstract: A method of distributedly storing data in a system comprising a plurality of edge nodes communicatively coupled to an end device and a central cloud. The method includes: receiving, by a first edge node, data transmitted by the end device; assigning, by the first edge node, a data tag to received data according to attributes of the received data and duplicating the received data to generate a tagged data copy; and transmitting, by the first edge node, the tagged data copy to at least one second edge node determined by a data distribution policy determined by the central cloud directly or through the central cloud, so that the at least one second edge node store the tagged data copy in a storage.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), a second LNA, first and second receiving circuits, an a radio frequency multiplexer. The first LNA is connected to a first receiving port, and the second LNA is connected to a second receiving port different from the first receiving port. The first receiving circuit includes a first transformer and processes one or more outputs of the first and second LNAs. The second receiving circuit processes one or more of the outputs of the first and second LNAs. The radio frequency multiplexer controls connection between the first and second LNAs and the first and second receiving circuits. The first receiving circuit includes a first variable capacitor having a first end connected to an output of the radio frequency multiplexer and a second end connected to the first transformer.

Abstract: Collections of polynucleotides useful for estimating breeding value or detecting likelihood of twinning are disclosed. The polynucleotides are used to detect genomic sequences quantitatively associated with the twinning trait. Also disclosed are methods and kits for using the collections to estimate breeding value or predict likelihood of twinning.

Abstract: A pollution detection circuit and a pollution detection method for data lines are provided. The pollution detection circuit and the method detect an impedance of at least one data terminal for detecting the pollution occurring at the data terminal or the data lines. The pollution occurring at the data terminal or the data lines is confirmed when the impedance is low.

Abstract: A protection circuit for a power converter is provided. The protection circuit includes a sensor circuit, a detection circuit and an initial protection circuit. The sensor circuit senses an output current of the power converter to generate a load signal. The detection circuit detects a voltage signal at a signal terminal of the connection port. The initial protection circuit compares the load signal with an initial-protection threshold. When the voltage signal at the signal terminal switches to a high level from a low level after the protection circuit is enabled, the power converter enters an initial protection mode and the initial protection circuit counts an initial period of a port-identification procedure. When the load signal is larger than the initial-protection threshold during the initial period of the port-identification procedure, the initial protection circuit generates a first protection signal to shut down the power converter.

Abstract: A method and a circuit of detecting attachment and detachment between a portable device and a power converter are provided. The method and the circuit confirm attachment of the portable device to the power converter and generate an attachment signal. The method and the circuit further detect a bus voltage of the power converter for confirming detachment of the portable device from the power converter.

Abstract: A protection circuit for a power converter is provided. The protection circuit includes a sensor circuit, a detection circuit and an initial protection circuit. The sensor circuit senses an output current of the power converter to generate a load signal. The detection circuit detects a voltage signal at a signal terminal of the connection port. The initial protection circuit compares the load signal with an initial-protection threshold. When the voltage signal at the signal terminal switches to a high level from a low level after the protection circuit is enabled, the power converter enters an initial protection mode and the initial protection circuit counts an initial period of a port-identification procedure. When the load signal is larger than the initial-protection threshold during the initial period of the port-identification procedure, the initial protection circuit generates a first protection signal to shut down the power converter.

Abstract: A power converter and a control method therefor are provided. The power converter includes a transformer, a primary-side control circuit and a secondary-side control circuit. A primary side of the transformer receives an input voltage, and a secondary side of the transformer generates an output voltage. The primary-side control circuit controls a current switch of a primary winding and switching thereof. The secondary-side control circuit is disposed at the secondary side of the transformer. The secondary-side control circuit comprises a latch circuit. The latch circuit clamps a feedback signal and maintains a clamped status of the feedback signal when an fault event occurs. The primary-side control circuit stops switching the current switch of the primary winding when the feedback signal is clamped, and the latch releases the feedback signal when the output voltage is lower than a default latch voltage value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a light extraction substrate for an organic light-emitting diode and, more specifically, to a method for manufacturing a light extraction substrate for an organic light-emitting diode, which can improve light extraction efficiency of an organic light-emitting diode and can also remarkably reduce a manufacturing process, manufacturing costs, and manufacturing time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a light extraction substrate for an organic light-emitting diode and, more specifically, to a method for manufacturing a light extraction substrate for an organic light-emitting diode, capable of increasing light extraction efficiency and structural stability of an organic light-emitting diode by improving the dispersibility of light scattering particles, distributed inside a matrix layer, and substrate adhesion.

Abstract: Collections of polynucleotides useful for estimating breeding value or detecting likelihood of twinning are disclosed. The polynucleotides are used to detect genomic sequences quantitatively associated with the twinning trait. Also disclosed are methods and kits for using the collections to estimate breeding value or predict likelihood of twinning.

Abstract: Optical films, and organic-light-emitting display apparatuses, include a high refractive index pattern layer including a first surface and a second surface facing each other. The first surface includes a pattern having grooves. The grooves each have a curved surface and a depth greater than a width. The high refractive index pattern layer is formed of a material having a refractive index greater than 1. Further included is a low refractive index pattern layer formed of a material having a refractive index smaller than that of the material constituting the high refractive index pattern layer. The low refractive index pattern layer includes a filling material for filling grooves. A tilt angle, ?, of each groove satisfies the following condition, 15°???75°.

Abstract: Optical films, and organic light-emitting display apparatuses employing the same, include a high refractive index pattern layer including a first surface and a second surface facing each other, wherein the first surface includes a pattern having a plurality of grooves. The plurality of grooves each have a curved surface and a depth greater than a width thereof. The high refractive index pattern layer is formed of a material having a refractive index greater than 1. The optical films, and the organic light-emitting display apparatuses, further include a low refractive index pattern layer formed of a material having a refractive index smaller than the refractive index of the material constituting the high refractive index pattern layer. The low refractive index pattern layer includes a filling material for filling the plurality of grooves.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an organic light-emitting element and, more specifically, to an organic light-emitting element having a bottom emitting structure. To this end, the present invention provides the organic light-emitting element, comprising: a substrate; a light extraction layer formed on the substrate and having an exposure part which exposes the substrate; a flat layer for covering the substrate and the light extraction layer and having a flat top surface; an anode electrode formed on the flat layer; an organic light-emitting layer formed on the anode electrode; and a cathode electrode formed on the organic light-emitting layer in the same form as the light extraction layer.

Abstract: A pollution detection circuit and a pollution detection method for data lines are provided. The pollution detection circuit and the method detect an impedance of at least one data terminal for detecting the pollution occurring at the data terminal or the data lines. The pollution occurring at the data terminal or the data lines is confirmed when the impedance is low.

Abstract: Optical films, and organic light-emitting display apparatuses employing the same, include a high refractive index pattern layer including a first surface and a second surface facing each other, wherein the first surface includes a pattern having a plurality of grooves. The plurality of grooves each have a curved surface and a depth greater than a width thereof. The high refractive index pattern layer is formed of a material having a refractive index greater than 1. The optical films, and the organic light-emitting display apparatuses, further include a low refractive index pattern layer formed of a material having a refractive index smaller than the refractive index of the material constituting the high refractive index pattern layer. The low refractive index pattern layer includes a filling material for filling the plurality of grooves.

Abstract: Optical films, and organic-light-emitting display apparatuses, include a high refractive index pattern layer including a first surface and a second surface facing each other. The first surface includes a pattern having grooves. The grooves each have a curved surface and a depth greater than a width. The high refractive index pattern layer is formed of a material having a refractive index greater than 1. Further included is a low refractive index pattern layer formed of a material having a refractive index smaller than that of the material constituting the high refractive index pattern layer. The low refractive index pattern layer includes a filling material for filling grooves. A tilt angle, ?, of each groove satisfies the following condition, 15°???75°.