Abstract: A method of determining footprint identity using a dimension reduction algorithm according to an embodiment includes: pre-processing to process three-dimensional (3D) image data about footprints of a first person and a second person and convert the 3D image data into one-dimensional (1D) data about the footprints of the first person and the second person; calculating a distribution of cross-correlation coefficients between two pieces of 1D data about footprints of the first person (SC: same footwear correlation) and a distribution of cross-correlation coefficients between the 1D data about the footprints of the first person and the second person (DC: difference footwear correlation); and calculating a likelihood ratio based on the SC and the DC to determine the degree of correspondence between the footprints of the first person and the second person.

Abstract: Provided is a blood spatter simulation head model including a housing having the shape of a human head; a reservoir inside the housing and capable of storing blood; an injection tube connected to the reservoir and extending to a lower portion of the housing, the injection tube including an injection opening through which blood is injected; and a weight unit in a lower portion of the housing and supporting the housing.

Abstract: An impact blood splatters generation experimental apparatus capable of measuring an applied force includes: a hammer including a rod-shaped body portion, a head portion formed at one end of the body portion, and a striking portion formed on one side of the head portion; a housing receiving a certain amount of blood thereon and including a striking surface on which the striking portion may strike; a tensile force gauge attached to an outer surface of the housing; an elastic member having one end connected to the body portion and the other end connected to the tensile force gauge; and a display unit displaying a force applied to the hammer, the force being measured by the tensile force gauge, when a user lifts the hammer to strike the striking surface.

Abstract: A tool strip mark generator capable of measuring applied force includes: a bottom surface on which at least a portion of a target surface made of a material capable of generating a tool strip mark, which is a tool-scraped stripe, is formed; a rotating member configured to be rotatable in a state of being spaced apart from the bottom surface; a moving member movable on the bottom surface by laterally coupling the rotating member to a coupling portion; a force sensor attached to one side of an outer peripheral surface of the rotating member and sensing force which is applied when a tool strip mark is generated on the target surface by inserting the tool; a measurer configured to measure an output signal of the force sensor and calculate information about the applied force; and a display configured to display information about the applied force calculated by the measurer.

Abstract: A tool strip mark generator capable of measuring applied force includes: a bottom surface on which at least a portion of a target surface made of a material capable of generating a tool strip mark, which is a tool-scraped stripe, is formed; a rotating member configured to be rotatable in a state of being spaced apart from the bottom surface; a moving member movable on the bottom surface by laterally coupling the rotating member to a coupling portion; a force sensor attached to one side of an outer peripheral surface of the rotating member and sensing force which is applied when a tool strip mark is generated on the target surface by inserting the tool; a measurer configured to measure an output signal of the force sensor and calculate information about the applied force; and a display configured to display information about the applied force calculated by the measurer.

Abstract: According to the present disclosure, a method of calculating an angle of impact of a bloodstain is performed by a device for calculating an angle of impact of a bloodstain and includes obtaining a captured image of an analysis target by using a camera, extracting a spatter stain included in the analysis target, by analyzing the obtained captured image, calculating a major axis length and a minor axis length of the spatter stain, estimating an angle of impact of the spatter stain by using the major axis length and the minor axis length of the spatter stain, and outputting the spatter stain and the angle of impact of the spatter stain.

Abstract: A temperature and humidity chamber type apparatus for taking potential impact marks according to an embodiment includes: a specimen treated with an amino acid reaction reagent to react with potential impact marks to take the potential impact marks; a chamber in which a receiving space for receiving the specimen is secured; a door for opening and closing the chamber; a supporter formed in the receiving space to receive the specimen; an adjuster for adjusting temperature and humidity in the chamber within a set application time range to take the potential impact marks; a display unit attached to one side of the outside of the chamber to display an operation state in the chamber; a power source; a controller for controlling setting of temperature, humidity, and an application time in the chamber; and an input unit in which the controller operates according to a user's input.

Abstract: According to the present disclosure, a method of calculating a formation time of a perimeter stain is performed by a device for calculating a formation time of a perimeter stain, and includes obtaining a captured image of an analysis target by using a camera, extracting an image of a perimeter stain included in the analysis target, by analyzing the obtained captured image, calculating a major axis length and a width of the perimeter stain, estimating a formation time of the perimeter stain by using the major axis length and the width of the perimeter stain, and outputting the image of the perimeter stain and the formation time of the perimeter stain.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a method of determining tool mark identity using machine learning may include: obtaining surface height data of at least two tool strip marks by photographing tool strip marks generated using at least two tools with a three-dimensional (3D) microscope; generating a data set by calculating a cross-correlation coefficient for the surface height data of the tool strip marks; separating the data set into a training set for machine learning training and a test set for verifying a machine learning result; performing the machine learning training to determine whether the tool strip marks are identical using the training set; and verifying a result of the machine learning training using the test set.

Abstract: Provided is a blood spatter simulation head model including a housing having the shape of a human head; a reservoir inside the housing and capable of storing blood; an injection tube connected to the reservoir and extending to a lower portion of the housing, the injection tube including an injection opening through which blood is injected; and a weight unit in a lower portion of the housing and supporting the housing.

Abstract: According to the present disclosure, a method of calculating an angle of impact of a bloodstain is performed by a device for calculating an angle of impact of a bloodstain and includes obtaining a captured image of an analysis target by using a camera, extracting a spatter stain included in the analysis target, by analyzing the obtained captured image, calculating a major axis length and a minor axis length of the spatter stain, estimating an angle of impact of the spatter stain by using the major axis length and the minor axis length of the spatter stain, and outputting the spatter stain and the angle of impact of the spatter stain.

Abstract: According to the present disclosure, a method of calculating a formation time of a perimeter stain is performed by a device for calculating a formation time of a perimeter stain, and includes obtaining a captured image of an analysis target by using a camera, extracting an image of a perimeter stain included in the analysis target, by analyzing the obtained captured image, calculating a major axis length and a width of the perimeter stain, estimating a formation time of the perimeter stain by using the major axis length and the width of the perimeter stain, and outputting the image of the perimeter stain and the formation time of the perimeter stain.

Abstract: Provided is a method of analyzing a tool trace, the method being performed by a tool trace analyzing apparatus including a camera unit and including obtaining a first image that is a three-dimensional (3D) image of the tool trace; displaying the first image on a screen; storing, in a database, second images that are 3D images of one or more tools and that correspond to a plurality of pieces of feature information of the one or more tools; when a specific tool is selected based on a user input, searching for a second image from among the second images in the database, the second image corresponding to the specific tool, and displaying the second image on the screen; matching the second image with the first image and thus generating a match image; and displaying the match image on the screen.

Abstract: Provided is a method of discriminating between bloodstains, the method including obtaining a captured image of an analysis target; analyzing the captured image and extracting a scattering image of a plurality of bloodstains in the analysis target; estimating a scattering angle of the scattering image; and determining the plurality of bloodstains to be an impact spatter bloodstain if the scattering angle is greater than a preset reference angle, and determining the plurality of bloodstains to be a cessation cast-off bloodstain if the scattering angle is less than the reference angle.

Abstract: Provided herein is a heating apparatus for developing a latent impact mark. The heating apparatus includes: a sample treated with an amino acid reagent containing amino acids capable of reacting with a latent impact mark; a first heating plate having a plate shape, having a first steam hole in a lower surface thereof, the first steam hole allowing steam to be discharged therethrough, and capable of being heated to a predetermined temperature; a second heating plate having a plate shape, having a second steam hole in an upper surface thereof, the second steam hole allowing steam to be discharged therethrough, and capable of being heated to a predetermined temperature; and a connecting portion configured to connect the first heating plate to the second heating plate such that the first heating plate is rotatable with respect to the second heating plate.

Abstract: Provided is a method of analyzing a tool trace, the method being performed by a tool trace analyzing apparatus including a camera unit and including obtaining a first image that is a three-dimensional (3D) image of the tool trace; displaying the first image on a screen; storing, in a database, second images that are 3D images of one or more tools and that correspond to a plurality of pieces of feature information of the one or more tools; when a specific tool is selected based on a user input, searching for a second image from among the second images in the database, the second image corresponding to the specific tool, and displaying the second image on the screen; matching the second image with the first image and thus generating a match image; and displaying the match image on the screen.

Abstract: Provided is a method of discriminating between bloodstains, the method including obtaining a captured image of an analysis target; analyzing the captured image and extracting a scattering image of a plurality of bloodstains in the analysis target; estimating a scattering angle of the scattering image; and determining the plurality of bloodstains to be an impact spatter bloodstain if the scattering angle is greater than a preset reference angle, and determining the plurality of bloodstains to be a cessation cast-off bloodstain if the scattering angle is less than the reference angle.