Abstract: Integrated circuit devices and methods of forming the same are provided. The methods may include forming a sacrificial layer in a preliminary substrate by adding an element into the preliminary substrate, forming a transistor structure on the preliminary substrate, the transistor structure including a source/drain region, replacing the sacrificial layer with a power contact that comprises an upper surface contacting the source/drain region, and forming a power rail that contacts a lower surface of the power contact.

Abstract: An address management method and a routing method for a wireless personal area network (WPAN) is provided. The address management method includes setting an update route flag relating to a portable node and a previous network address which is an address of the node before the movement, if a node moves around; and broadcasting a network command frame including the set update route flag and previous network address.