Abstract: A method of operating an electronic device includes receiving a plurality of reference code values respectively corresponding to a plurality of reference images captured by an image sensor during different exposure times, receiving a plurality of target code values corresponding to a target image captured by the image sensor, estimating an inverse camera response function (CRF) by adjusting a scale of the plurality of reference code values so that the scale of the plurality of reference code values is equal to a scale of the inverse CRF, wherein the inverse CRF estimates radiance corresponding to the plurality of reference code values, generating a radiance map based on the plurality of reference code values and the inverse CRF, and measuring an effective dynamic range (DR) length of the image sensor based on the radiance map and the plurality of target code values.

Abstract: An image sensor including an image signal processor and an operating method of the image sensor are provided. An image sensor may include a pixel array configured to convert a received optical signal into electrical signals, a readout circuit configured to analog-digital convert the electrical signals to generate image data, and an image signal processor configured to perform one-dimensional filtering in each of a first direction and a second direction on the image data to remove noise of the image data, the second direction being different than the first direction.