Abstract: A semiconductor memory device and a method of operating the same are disclosed. The semiconductor memory device includes a memory cell array including memory blocks, a voltage generator configured to generate a precharge voltage; and a read and write circuit coupled to the memory blocks through bit lines, and configured to supply the precharge voltage to the bit lines when a selected memory block is accessed. Here, the precharge voltage varies depending on a distance between the read and write circuit and the selected memory block.

Abstract: Provided are embodiments of a method of synthesizing nano scale electrode materials using an ultrafast combustion technique and nano scale electrode materials synthesized using the method. The method does not require a process of annealing reaction products required for synthesis of electrode materials or any other additional processes, such as cleaning, filtering, and drying processes, so that it can take only several seconds to several minutes to obtain a resultant product.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device and a method of operating the same are disclosed. The semiconductor memory device includes a memory cell array including memory blocks, a voltage generator configured to generate a precharge voltage; and a read and write circuit coupled to the memory blocks through bit lines, and configured to supply the precharge voltage to the bit lines when a selected memory block is accessed. Here, the precharge voltage varies depending on a distance between the read and write circuit and the selected memory block.

Abstract: Provided is a leg type traveling apparatus including a bicycle frame, a travel module including a leg type front traveling unit rotatably mounted to a front of the bicycle frame and a leg type rear traveling unit rotatably mounted to a rear of the bicycle frame, a drive unit to drive the travel module, and a control unit to control the drive unit, in which the control unit includes a pedal detector to detect a rotating speed of a pedal rotatably mounted to the bicycle frame and a controller to control a driving speed of the drive unit based on detection information provided by the pedal detector.

Abstract: A method of operating a nonvolatile memory device includes determining whether a program operation is performed on even memory cells coupled to even bit lines of a selected page, setting a coupling resistance value between odd bit lines of the selected page and page buffers depending on whether the program operation for the even memory cells is performed, performing a program operation on the odd memory cells coupled to the odd bit lines, and coupling the odd bit line to the page buffer based on the set coupling resistance value and performing an verification operation for verifying whether threshold voltages of the odd memory cells on which the program operation is performed are a target voltage or more.

Abstract: The present invention provides a peptide represented by formula (I) of X1-Leu-X2-Leu-X3 wherein X1 represents Glu or Asp, X2 represents His, Lys or Arg, X3 represents Asp or Glu, with Glu, Asp, Leu, His, Lys and Arg being respectively glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine, histidine, lysine and arginine; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; a composition for the treatment or prevention of at least one selected from cartilage damage and arthritis, containing the same peptide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient; and a composition containing the same peptide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and TGF?1.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device and a method of operating the same are disclosed. The semiconductor memory device includes a memory cell array including memory blocks, a voltage generator configured to generate a precharge voltage; and a read and write circuit coupled to the memory blocks through bit lines, and configured to supply the precharge voltage to the bit lines when a selected memory block is accessed. Here, the precharge voltage varies depending on a distance between the read and write circuit and the selected memory block.

Abstract: The present invention provides a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof effective for treating degenerative disc diseases, treating body organ fibrosis, treating cancer and/or treating glomerulosclerosis, and effective for the inhibition of TGF-beta 1 signaling.

Abstract: Provided are embodiments of a method of synthesizing nano scale electrode materials using an ultrafast combustion technique and nano scale electrode materials synthesized using the method. The method does not require a process of annealing reaction products required for synthesis of electrode materials or any other additional processes, such as cleaning, filtering, and drying processes, so that it can take only several seconds to several minutes to obtain a resultant product.

Abstract: The present invention provides a peptide represented by formula (I) of X1-Leu-X2-Leu-X3 wherein X1 represents Glu or Asp, X2 represents His, Lys or Arg, X3 represents Asp or Glu, with Glu, Asp, Leu, His, Lys and Arg being respectively glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine, histidine, lysine and arginine; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; a composition for the treatment or prevention of at least one selected from cartilage damage and arthritis, containing the same peptide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient; and a composition containing the same peptide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and TGF?1.

Abstract: A method of operating a nonvolatile memory device includes determining whether a program operation is performed on even memory cells coupled to even bit lines of a selected page, setting a coupling resistance value between odd bit lines of the selected page and page buffers depending on whether the program operation for the even memory cells is performed, performing a program operation on the odd memory cells coupled to the odd bit lines, and coupling the odd bit line to the page buffer based on the set coupling resistance value and performing an verification operation for verifying whether threshold voltages of the odd memory cells on which the program operation is performed are a target voltage or more.

Abstract: A method of operating a nonvolatile memory device includes precharging bit lines coupled to strings, supplying a first verification voltage to a selected word line and supplying a pass voltage to word lines other than the selected word line, supplying a first sense pulse to switching elements coupled between the bit lines and sense nodes and detecting memory cells, each having a threshold voltage higher than the first verification voltage, supplying a second verification voltage higher than the first verification voltage to the selected word line and supplying the pass voltage to the word lines other than the selected word line, and supplying a second sense pulse to the switching elements and detecting memory cells, each having a threshold voltage higher than the second verification voltage.

Abstract: The present invention provides a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, a variant thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. A novel peptide of the present invention, a variant thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are effective for treating and/or preventing degenerative disc diseases, treating body organ fibrosis, treating cancer and/or treating glomerulosclerosis, and are effective for the inhibition of TGF-beta1 signaling.

Abstract: A method of operating a nonvolatile memory device includes precharging bit lines coupled to strings, supplying a first verification voltage to a selected word line and supplying a pass voltage to word lines other than the selected word line, supplying a first sense pulse to switching elements coupled between the bit lines and sense nodes and detecting memory cells, each having a threshold voltage higher than the first verification voltage, supplying a second verification voltage higher than the first verification voltage to the selected word line and supplying the pass voltage to the word lines other than the selected word line, and supplying a second sense pulse to the switching elements and detecting memory cells, each having a threshold voltage higher than the second verification voltage.

Abstract: A method of operating a nonvolatile memory device includes determining whether a program operation is performed on even memory cells coupled to even bit lines of a selected page, setting a coupling resistance value between odd bit lines of the selected page and page buffers depending on whether the program operation for the even memory cells is performed, performing a program operation on the odd memory cells coupled to the odd bit lines, and coupling the odd bit line to the page buffer based on the set coupling resistance value and performing an verification operation for verifying whether threshold voltages of the odd memory cells on which the program operation is performed are a target voltage or more.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relates to mobile agent technology which includes a scheduling mechanism adaptive to dynamic peer-to-peer grid computing environments. A mobile agent is a software program that migrates from one node to another while performing various tasks on behalf of a user.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a yellow phosphor represented by a general formula of A(1-y)3D5-x Ex O12:Cey (wherein: A is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Y, Lu, Sc, La, Gd and Sm; D is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga and In; E is at least one element selected from the group consisting of B and Fe; 0?x<0.5; and 0.0001?y<0.5), and a white semiconductor light emitting device incorporating the same. The white semiconductor light emitting device comprises a semiconductor light emitting diode, and a phosphor coating layer. The phosphor coating layer comprises yellow phosphor and optionally zinc selenium-based red phosphor that absorb a portion of light emitted by the semiconductor light emitting diode and emits light of wavelength different from that of the absorbed light and a transparent resin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a terbium borate-based yellow phosphor, a preparation method thereof, and a white semiconductor light emitting device incorporating the same. The terbium borate-based yellow phosphor of the present invention is represented by the general formula (Tb1-x-y-zREXAy)3DaBbO12:Cez (where, RE is at least one rare earth element selected from the group consisting of Y, Lu, Sc, La, Gd, Sm, Pr, Nd, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm and Yb; A is a typical metal element selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs and Fr; D is a typical amphoteric element selected from the group consisting of Al, In and Ga; 0?x<0.5; 0?y<0.5; 0<z<0.5; 0<a<5; and 0<b<5). The white semiconductor light emitting device of the present invention comprises a semiconductor light emitting diode and the yellow phosphor, which absorbs a portion of light emitted by the semiconductor light emitting diode and emits light of wavelength different from that of the absorbed light.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a terbium borate-based yellow phosphor, a preparation method thereof, and a white semiconductor light emitting device incorporating the same. The terbium borate-based yellow phosphor of the present invention is represented by the general formula (Tb1-x-y-zREXAy)3DaBbO12:Cez (where, RE is at least one rare earth element selected from the group consisting of Y, Lu, Sc, La, Gd, Sm, Pr, Nd, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm and Yb; A is a typical metal element selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs and Fr; D is a typical amphoteric element selected from the group consisting of Al, In and Ga; 0?x<0.5; 0?y<0.5; 0<z<0.5; 0<a<5; and 0<b<5). The white semiconductor light emitting device of the present invention comprises a semiconductor light emitting diode and the yellow phosphor, which absorbs a portion of light emitted by the semiconductor light emitting diode and emits light of wavelength different from that of the absorbed light.

Abstract: Disclosed is an anti-fatigue and nutritious tonic agent containing powder of wild ginseng, optionally in admixture with a herb medicine, or water extract of the powder, which has remarkably enhanced anti-fatigue, and nutrition and tonic effects as compared with agents containing cultivated ginseng.