Abstract: A wafer manufacturing method, an epitaxial wafer manufacturing method, and a wafer and epitaxial wafer manufactured thereby, are provided. The wafer manufacturing method enables the manufacture of a wafer with a low density of micropipe defects and minimum numbers of particles and scratches. The epitaxial wafer manufacturing method enables the manufacture of an epitaxial wafer that has low densities of defects such as downfall, triangular, and carrot defects, exhibits excellent device characteristics, and improves the yield of devices.

Abstract: A wafer manufacturing method, an epitaxial wafer manufacturing method, and a wafer and epitaxial wafer manufactured thereby, are provided. The wafer manufacturing method enables the manufacture of a wafer with a low density of micropipe defects and minimum numbers of particles and scratches. The epitaxial wafer manufacturing method enables the manufacture of an epitaxial wafer that has low densities of defects such as downfall, triangular, and carrot defects, exhibits excellent device characteristics, and improves the yield of devices.

Abstract: A 1-methylcyclopropene generation apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a container comprising a 1-MCP precursor and a reaction solution, and having a pair of through-holes formed in the upper part thereof; a main body comprising an accommodation space for accommodating the container; and a cap coupled to the upper part of the main body in a state in which the container is accommodated in the accommodation space of the main body, wherein the cap comprises an upper frame, a lower frame, a first tube and a second tube, and the lower frame comprises a pair of first tube connection terminals arranged at one side and the other side, and a pair of second tube connection terminals arranged between the pair of first tube connection terminals.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition containing, as active ingredients, Panax ginseng, Adenophora triphylla, Wolfiporia extensa, Rehmannia glutinosa, and Mel for an antitussive, expectorant, or anti-inflammatory action, and a composition for preventing, alleviating, or treating a respiratory disease. The present invention provides a compositions having excellent effects compared with an existing antitussive agent and expectorant agent. The compositions of the present invention are a naturally derived material and has little cytotoxicity, and thus is expected to be safely used as a medicine or food composition having antitussive, expectorant, and anti-inflammatory effects.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a grid-connected inverter is disclosed. The apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is configured to promote an increase in efficiency of grid-connected inverter system and to improve a current THD by generating a voltage command by changing an offset voltage in response to size of DC-link power voltage and size of apparent power.

Abstract: A method of charging and discharging battery energy storage device is provided. The method includes measuring a voltage and a frequency of a grid, measuring a state of charge (SOC) value of a battery, calculating an SOC offset value and an SOC feedback gain value from the measured SOC value of the battery, and performing a voltage droop control based on the voltage of the grid and a frequency droop control on the basis of the frequency of the grid, the SOC offset value and the SOC feedback gain value and controlling charging and discharging of the battery.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a grid-connected inverter is disclosed. The apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is configured to promote an increase in efficiency of grid-connected inverter system and to improve a current THD by generating a voltage command by changing an offset voltage in response to size of DC-link power voltage and size of apparent power.

Abstract: A method of charging and discharging battery energy storage device is provided. The method includes measuring a voltage and a frequency of a grid, measuring a state of charge (SOC) value of a battery, calculating an SOC offset value and an SOC feedback gain value from the measured SOC value of the battery, and performing a voltage droop control based on the voltage of the grid and a frequency droop control on the basis of the frequency of the grid, the SOC offset value and the SOC feedback gain value and controlling charging and discharging of the battery.