Abstract: A method of communicating between an access point (AP) and a station (STA) in a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) system is provided. The method includes receiving an association request (AREQ) frame requesting an association, from a STA, the AREQ frame comprising a common association response (C-ARSP) indicator indicating whether the STA has been received common association information for the association between the STA and the AP, determining an association response (ARSP) type for the STA based on the C-ARSP indicator and performing an association response for the ARSP type to the STA.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a human antibody specific for FcRn that is a receptor with a high affinity for IgG, a production method thereof, a composition for treating autoimmune disease, which comprises the antibody, and a method of treating and diagnosing autoimmune disease using the same. The FcRn-specific antibody according to the present invention can bind to FcRn non-competitively with IgG or the like to reduce serum auto-antibody levels, and thus can be used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting a downlink reference signal in a wireless communication system supporting multiple antennas is disclosed. A method for transmitting Channel State Information-Reference Signals (CSI-RSs) for eight or less antenna ports includes selecting one of a plurality of CSI-RS Resource Element (RE) groups defined on a data region of a downlink subframe and mapping CSI-RSs for the eight or less antenna ports to the selected CSI-RS RE group, and transmitting the downlink subframe in which the CSI-RSs for the eight or less antenna ports are mapped. The plurality of CSI-RS RE groups is defined such that a transmission diversity RE pair for data transmitted on the downlink subframe is not broken.

Abstract: A method for transmitting information of resources for use in transmission of ACK/NACK signals in a mobile communication system is disclosed. An example method for receiving ACK/NACK signals in a mobile communication system is also disclosed. When resources for transmission of data and resources for transmission of control information of the data are scheduled through virtual unit resources, the method identifies information of resources for receiving an ACK/NACK signal for transmission data mapped to information of at least one of a virtual unit resource allocated to the transmission data and a virtual unit resource allocated to control information of the transmission data, and receives the ACK/NACK signal for the transmission data through the information of resources for receiving the ACK/NACK signal.

Abstract: A method of apparatus for channel access in a wireless local area network is provided. A station receives a channel access control message including group indication information indicating a group of stations allowed to access a channel from an access point. The station attempts contention for accessing the channel if the station belongs to the group indicated by the group indication information.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) receives downlink data using resource blocks in a wireless mobile communication system. The UE includes data processing circuitry coupled to a receiver that receives downlink control information including resource allocation information for the downlink data from a base station and to receive the downlink data mapped to physical resource blocks (PRBs) based on the downlink control information. The resource allocation information indicates virtual resource block (VRB) allocations for the user equipment. Each resource block corresponds to one time slot. A resource block pair includes a first resource block associated with a first time slot and a second resource block associated with a second time slot adjacent to the first time slot. The first and second resource blocks are allocated to the same frequency indices.

Abstract: A method is provided for accessing a channel in a wireless local area network. A device receives an operation element to set up an operating channel from an access point (AP). The operation element includes a channel type field, a first frequency segment field and a second frequency segment field. The channel type field indicates a use of two 80 MHz channels. The first frequency segment field indicates a center frequency of a primary 80 MHz channel. The second frequency segment field indicates a center frequency of a secondary 80 MHz channel. is obtained based on activities on a part of the primary 80 MHz channel. The device determines whether the secondary 80 MHz channel was idle during an interval immediately preceding the start of the TXOP only after a transmission opportunity (TXOP) is obtained.

Abstract: A method for a wireless local area network performed by an access point (AP) configured to communicate over a primary subchannel and a secondary subchannel. The AP transmits a frame including a quiet channel element to a receiving station. The quiet channel element indicates that the secondary subchannel is to be quieted during a quiet interval in which the AP tests the secondary subchannel for a presence of radar transmissions and the receiving station does not send any frame to the AP. The quiet channel element includes an AP quiet mode field indicating whether a communication to the AP is allowed within the primary subchannel during the quiet interval. The primary subchannel and the secondary subchannel are quieted during the quiet interval if the AP quiet mode field indicates the communication to the AP is not allowed with the primary subchannel during the quiet interval.

Abstract: A communication method performed by a station (STA) in a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) system is provided. The method includes: broadcasting a Direct Link Setup (DLS) discovery request frame for discovering a destination STA with which a direct link will be set up; receiving a DLS discovery response frame from the destination STA in response to the DLS discovery request frame; setting up the direct link with the destination STA; and transmitting a data frame to an Access Point (AP). The step of transmitting the data frame comprises transmitting the data frame to the destination STA through the direct link. The data frame received by the destination STA is relayed to the AP.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of controlling a transmit power in a wireless local area network is provided. A wireless device operated in a TV White Space transmits a white space map indicating a list of available channels, and transmits an extended power constraint indicating a plurality of transmission channels and a plurality of maximum transmit powers, wherein the plurality of transmission channels are selected among the list of available channels and each of the plurality of maximum transmit powers corresponds to a maximum transmit power for each of the plurality of transmission channels. Interference can be mitigated between wireless devices operated in the TV White Space.

Abstract: A method of allocating radio resources in a multi-carrier system is disclosed, by which a signaling message can be efficiently transmitted according to necessity of a user equipment. In a user equipment of a mobile communication system transceiving data using a plurality of subcarriers, the present invention includes the steps of if the signaling message to be transmitted is generated in the user equipment, generating a preamble sequence according to a user equipment identifier to identify the user equipment, transmitting a preamble signal including the preamble sequence and the signaling message to a base station, and receiving an acknowledgement signal for the preamble signal generated according to the user equipment identifier.

Abstract: A method of transmitting pilot signals in a system which performs communication using two or more earners comprises transmitting first pilots and second pilots from at least one user equipment to a base station, the first and second pilots, which are transmitted from the at least one user equipment, being multiplexed by code division multiplexing, and the first and second pilots, which are transmitted from a specific user equipment, having different transmission powers, and transmitting data from the at least one user equipment to the base station depending on the first pilots and the second pilots. Since many UEs can transmit CQ pilots, exact channel estimation can be performed and thus communication efficiency can be improved.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of requesting a channel access in a wireless local area network is provided. A transmitter transmits a plurality of Request To Send (RTS) frames over a plurality of requesting channels and receives at least one Clear To Send (CTS) frame over at least one responding channel as a response for the plurality of RTS frames. Each of the plurality of RTS frames indicates a bandwidth for the plurality of requesting channels, and the at least one CTS frame indicates a bandwidth for the at least one responding channel.

Abstract: A method of transmitting channel management information by an access point (AP) in a wireless local area network and configured to communicate via a primary subchannel and a secondary subchannel is provided. The method includes: transmitting a frame including a quiet channel element, the quiet channel element including a quiet mode field indicating whether a communication to the AP is allowed via part or all of the primary subchannel during a quiet interval, the quiet interval being an interval during which no transmission occurs in the secondary channel; and performing communications using the part or all of the primary subchannel, if the quiet mode field is set to a value that indicates the communication to the AP is allowed to communicate via the part or all of the primary subchannel during the quiet interval.

Abstract: There is provided a technology about a relay station and an electronic label. According to an exemplary embodiment, the relay station includes: a change information receiver configured to receive, from a server, product information changing time, electronic label identification numbers, and product information change content; a change list generator configured to define a wake-up time for each electronic label identification number and generate a change list of target electronic labels; a change information transmitter configured to transmit change information including the wake-up time and the product information change content to electronic labels corresponding to the identification numbers included in the change list; and a change command transmitter configured to transmit change command information to the electronic labels, which correspond to the identification numbers included in the change list, through a wake-up channel so as to request a change in product information.

Abstract: A method of dynamic frequency selection by an access point (AP) in a basic service set (BSS) in a wireless local area network is provided. The access point configured to communicate over a primary subchannel and a secondary subchannel. The method includes: transmitting a frame including a quiet element and a quiet channel element; and performing channel measurements in the quiet interval. The quiet element defines an quiet interval during which no transmission occurs, the quiet channel element indicates that the secondary subchannel is to be quieted during the quiet interval, and the quiet channel element indicates a condition under which the primary subchannel may be used during the quiet interval.

Abstract: A method of apparatus for channel access in a wireless local area network is provided. A station receives a channel access control message including group indication information indicating a group of stations allowed to access a channel from an access point. The station attempts contention for accessing the channel if the station belongs to the group indicated by the group indication information.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a two-photon probe for in-vivo imaging, having high selectivity for copper(II) ion, and a method for quantitatively estimating copper(II) on (Cu2+) in vivo using the same. The two-photon probe according to the present disclosure can detect intracellular free copper(II) on for a long period of time with a penetration depth greater than 90 ?m in living cells and tissues without the problems of mistargeting and photobleaching and can quantitatively estimate copper(II) on concentration in vivo using the ratio of blue emission intensity at 400-450 nm and red emission intensity at 550-650 nm.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of accessing a channel including receiving, by a device, an operation element for setting up or switching at least one channel from an access point (AP), the operation element including a channel type field indicating whether the at least one channel is either a single channel or multiple channels, and including two channel center frequency segment fields indicating a channel center frequency of a primary and a secondary channel if the channel type field indicates that the channel is multiple channels, determining whether the primary channel is idle during a first interval, determining whether the secondary channel is idle during a second interval if the primary channel is idle, and transmitting data by using the primary and secondary channels to the AP or at least one station in a basic service set (BSS) if the primary and secondary channel are idle.

Abstract: A method for providing precoding weights for data symbols of data control subframes includes generating a downlink frame having control subframes which individually correspond to one of a plurality of downlink data subframes, and inserting weight information into each of the control subframes, such that the weight information is to be applied to data symbols present in the corresponding one of the data subframes. The method further includes transmitting the control subframes and the inserted weight information to a receiving device.