Abstract: Optical films, and organic light-emitting display apparatuses employing the same, include a high refractive index pattern layer including a first surface and a second surface facing each other, wherein the first surface includes a pattern having a plurality of grooves. The plurality of grooves each have a curved surface and a depth greater than a width thereof. The high refractive index pattern layer is formed of a material having a refractive index greater than 1. The optical films, and the organic light-emitting display apparatuses, further include a low refractive index pattern layer formed of a material having a refractive index smaller than the refractive index of the material constituting the high refractive index pattern layer. The low refractive index pattern layer includes a filling material for filling the plurality of grooves.

Abstract: Optical films, and organic light-emitting display devices employing the same, include a high refractive index pattern layer including a lens pattern region and a non-pattern region alternately formed, wherein the lens pattern region includes a plurality of grooves each having a depth larger than a width thereof, and the non-pattern region has no pattern; and a low refractive index pattern layer formed of a material having a refractive index smaller than a refractive index of the high refractive index pattern layer, wherein the low refractive index pattern includes a plurality of filling portions filling the plurality of grooves.

Abstract: Optical films, and organic light-emitting display apparatuses employing the same, include a high refractive index pattern layer including a first surface and a second surface facing each other, wherein the first surface includes a pattern having a plurality of grooves. The plurality of grooves each have a curved surface and a depth greater than a width thereof. The high refractive index pattern layer is formed of a material having a refractive index greater than 1. The optical films, and the organic light-emitting display apparatuses, further include a low refractive index pattern layer formed of a material having a refractive index smaller than the refractive index of the material constituting the high refractive index pattern layer. The low refractive index pattern layer includes a filling material for filling the plurality of grooves.

Abstract: Optical films, and organic-light-emitting display apparatuses, include a high refractive index pattern layer including a first surface and a second surface facing each other. The first surface includes a pattern having grooves. The grooves each have a curved surface and a depth greater than a width. The high refractive index pattern layer is formed of a material having a refractive index greater than 1. Further included is a low refractive index pattern layer formed of a material having a refractive index smaller than that of the material constituting the high refractive index pattern layer. The low refractive index pattern layer includes a filling material for filling grooves. A tilt angle, ?, of each groove satisfies the following condition, 15°???75°.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for creating a virtual traffic engineering (TE) link in an upper layer of an optical transport network (OTN). To create a virtual TE link, a node may determine to create the virtual TE link in an upper layer of an OTN, and may set up a forwarding adjacency (FA)-label switched path (LSP) between nodes in an OTN layer. The FA-LSP may be set up on a control plane of the OTN layer. The node may create the virtual TE link by registering the setup FA-LSP as a TE link of the upper layer of the node.

Abstract: Provided are a color improving film and a method of manufacturing the color improving film. The color improving film includes a base layer, a high refractive light diffusion layer comprising a light diffuser, a high refractive resin layer, and a low refractive resin layer in which a lenticular lens pattern is formed, wherein the base layer, the high refractive light diffusion layer, the high refractive resin layer, and the low refractive resin layer are stacked, wherein the lenticular lens pattern is formed on a surface of the low refractive resin layer facing the high refractive resin layer, and a unit lenticular lens of the lenticular lens pattern is an oval lenticular lens, wherein the color improving film satisfies 0.10<?n<0.20, ?n=n1?n2, where n1 denotes a refractive index of the high refractive resin layer, and n2 denotes a refractive index of the low refractive resin layer.

Abstract: Optical films, and organic-light-emitting display apparatuses, include a high refractive index pattern layer including a first surface and a second surface facing each other. The first surface includes a pattern having grooves. The grooves each have a curved surface and a depth greater than a width. The high refractive index pattern layer is formed of a material having a refractive index greater than 1. Further included is a low refractive index pattern layer formed of a material having a refractive index smaller than that of the material constituting the high refractive index pattern layer. The low refractive index pattern layer includes a filling material for filling grooves. A tilt angle, ?, of each groove satisfies the following condition, 15°???75°.

Abstract: Optical films, and organic light-emitting display devices employing the same, include a high refractive index pattern layer including a lens pattern region and a non-pattern region alternately formed, wherein the lens pattern region includes a plurality of grooves each having a depth larger than a width thereof, and the non-pattern region has no pattern; and a low refractive index pattern layer formed of a material having a refractive index smaller than a refractive index of the high refractive index pattern layer, wherein the low refractive index pattern includes a plurality of filling portions filling the plurality of grooves.

Abstract: Provided is a color improving film comprising a base layer, a high refractive light diffusion layer including an organic light diffuser on the base layer, a high refractive resin layer on the high refractive light diffusion layer, and a low refractive resin layer in which a lenticular lens pattern is formed on the high refractive resin layer, wherein the organic light diffuser comprises particles coated with a black pigment and non-coated particles, and wherein the lenticular lens pattern is formed on a surface of the low refractive resin layer facing the high refractive resin layer. According to the color improving film, a change in color sensitivity according to an angle of view is small, an external light reflectivity is low, and a light transmittivity and a light diffusibility are substantially improved. Also, the method of preparing the color improving film has excellent processiblity and economic efficiency.

Abstract: An optical film includes: a high refractive index pattern layer including a material having a refractive index greater than 1 and having a first surface and a second surface which face each other, where a plurality of grooves is defined in the first surface, and each of the plurality of grooves is defined by a curved surface portion of the first surface of the high refractive index pattern and has a depth greater than a width thereof; and a low refractive index pattern layer including a plurality of protruding patterns disposed in the plurality of grooves, having a refractive index less than the refractive index of the high refractive index pattern layer, and including a plurality of layers having different refractive indices from each other.

Abstract: Optical films for reducing color shift, and organic light-emitting display apparatuses, employing the same include a first lens pattern layer including a plurality of first grooves, and a second lens pattern layer on the first lens pattern layer having the plurality of first grooves. The second lens pattern layer has a plurality of second grooves crossing the plurality of first grooves. The plurality of first and second grooves are each shaped in the form of a stripe.

Abstract: An optical filter which minimizes color shift, increases brightness and improves visibility and an organic light-emitting display having the same. The optical filter includes a micro pattern film disposed on an organic light-emitting panel. The micro pattern film includes a base material and a micro pattern engraved from the surface of the base material that adjoins the organic light-emitting panel. The micro pattern has a plurality of engraved shapes with a non-circular cross-section which has a depth greater than a width.

Abstract: Provided are a color display film, a method for manufacturing the same, and a display apparatus including the color display film. The color display film includes a base material layer, a high-refractive light diffusion layer including a light diffuser, a high-refractive resin layer, and a low-refractive resin layer on which an optical pattern is formed. The method for manufacturing a color display film includes forming a high-refractive light diffusion layer by coating a resin comprising a diffuser on one surface of a base material layer and hardening the resin, forming a high-refractive resin layer, in which optical patterns are formed, on one surface of the high-refractive light diffusion layer, and forming a low-refractive resin layer having optical patterns formed on one surface thereof by coating a low-refractive transparent resin on a surface of the high-refractive resin layer in which the optical patterns are formed and hardening the resin.

Abstract: An optical filter which minimizes color shift, increases brightness and improves visibility and an organic light-emitting display having the same. The optical filter includes a micro pattern film disposed on an organic light-emitting panel. The micro pattern film includes a base material and a micro pattern engraved from the surface of the base material that adjoins the organic light-emitting panel. The micro pattern has a plurality of engraved shapes with a non-circular cross-section which has a depth greater than a width.

Abstract: Provided are a color display film and a method for manufacturing the same, and a display apparatus. The color display film includes a base material layer, a high-refractive resin layer on which an optical pattern is formed, and a low-refractive light diffusion layer including a light diffuser in a stacked configuration. The optical pattern is formed in one surface of the high-refractive resin layer facing the low-refractive light diffusion layer. The method of manufacturing a color display film includes forming a high-refractive resin layer by coating a high-refractive transparent resin on one surface of a base material layer and forming an imprinted optical pattern on the coated high-refractive transparent resin, forming a low-refractive light diffusion layer by dispersing a light diffuser into a low-refractive transparent resin, and bonding one surface of the low-refractive light diffusion layer on a surface on which the optical pattern is formed.

Abstract: Optical films, and organic light-emitting display apparatuses employing the same, include a high refractive index pattern layer including a first surface and a second surface facing each other, wherein the first surface includes a pattern having a plurality of grooves. The plurality of grooves each have a curved surface and a depth greater than a width thereof. The high refractive index pattern layer is formed of a material having a refractive index greater than 1. The optical films, and the organic light-emitting display apparatuses, further include a low refractive index pattern layer formed of a material having a refractive index smaller than the refractive index of the material constituting the high refractive index pattern layer. The low refractive index pattern layer includes a filling material for filling the plurality of grooves.

Abstract: A substrate for an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) which can improve the light extraction efficiency of the organic light-emitting device while securing transmittance, a method of fabricating the same, and an organic light-emitting device having the same. The substrate for an OLED is a substrate on which the OLED is to be deposited. The substrate is made of transparent crystallized glass in which a number of crystal grains are distributed.

Abstract: An optical filter for reducing color shift in a display device includes a background layer made of a light-transmitting material and a light-diffusing pattern formed over the background layer to diffuse light. The light-diffusing pattern is a thin film coating applied along the cross section of the background layer in the depth direction thereof. The light-diffusing pattern is a self-assembled thin film in which the light-diffusing particles are self-assembled. A method of manufacturing the optical filter includes forming a concave-convex pattern layer made of a first light-transmitting material and having a concave-convex pattern, and forming the light-diffusing pattern along the sidewall surface of the concave section of the concave-convex pattern. After the light-diffusing pattern is formed, the concave section is filled with a second light-transmitting material, and the light-diffusing particles are removed from the upper surface of the convex section.

Abstract: An optical film for reducing color shift is provided in front of a display panel. The optical film includes a background layer, and a plurality of lens parts, which are spaced apart from each other, engraved or embossed on the background layer. The lens parts diffuse light incident thereon and then to mix the diffused light with light passing between the lens parts. The lens parts have a depth to width ratio of 0.25 or more, a spacing to pitch ratio ranging from 0.5 to 0.95, and a pitch of 45 ?m or less. A display device may include the optical film.

Abstract: Provided are a multi-lane-based Ethernet lane fault recovery apparatus and method capable of detecting a lane fault separately from a link fault and identifying one or more lanes where the lane fault has occurred. The lane fault recovery apparatus includes a communication unit configured to comprise a plurality of data transmission lanes, distribute data between the plurality of data transmission lanes in response to the receipt of a control command and photoelectrically convert the data; and a connection processing unit configured to detect the occurrence of a fault from the plurality of data transmission lanes, exclude one or more faulty lanes where the fault has occurred from the plurality of data transmission lanes and transmit the data via the rest of the data transmission lanes that are available for use. The connection processing unit may be further configured to transmit data via a switched backup link.