Abstract: A memory device may include counters respectively corresponding to rows and each configured to count a number of accesses to a corresponding row, a refresh control circuit, a queue, and first flags respectively corresponding to the rows. The refresh control circuit may change a second flag set in a refresh period every refresh period, and determine whether to put an incoming row address into the queue based on a count value of a counter corresponding to a target row indicated by the incoming row address among the counters, a first flag value of a first flag corresponding to the target row among the first flags, and a second flag value of the second flag set in a current refresh period.

Abstract: Provided is a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) logic element. The CMOS logic element includes a substrate including a PMOS area, a circuit wiring structure including an insulating layer and a wiring layer alternately stacked on the substrate, wherein the circuit wiring structure includes an NMOS area vertically spaced apart from the PMOS area, a first transistor disposed on the PMOS area, and a second transistor disposed on the NMOS area and complementarily connected to the first transistor, wherein the first transistor includes a first gate electrode, source/drain areas formed on the PMOS area on both sides of the first gate electrode, and a first channel connecting the source and drain areas to each other, wherein the second transistor includes a second gate electrode and a second channel vertically overlapping the second gate electrode, wherein the first channel includes silicon, wherein the second channel includes an oxide semiconductor.

Abstract: The present exemplary embodiments may provide a negative electrode material for a lithium secondary battery, the negative electrode material containing nano-silicon, crystalline carbon, amorphous carbon, and carbon nanotubes, wherein one end of the carbon nanotube is located inside the negative electrode material and the other end of the carbon nanotube protrudes out of the negative electrode material, and an average length of the carbon nanotubes protruding out of the negative electrode material is 0.1 ?m to 1 ?m.

Abstract: A pixel includes a light emitting area including a central portion and an outer portion, a non-light emitting area surrounding the light emitting area, a first electrode and a second electrode that are spaced apart from each other in the light emitting area, and a first light emitting element disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode and the second electrode are spaced apart from each other at a first interval in the central portion, and are spaced apart from each other at a second interval in the outer portion. The second interval is larger than the first interval. An interval between the first electrode and the second electrode gradually increases from the central portion to the outer portion.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a coating composition including a graphene oxide and a solvent. At least one of a carboxyl group and an epoxide group of the graphene oxide is functionalized by an amine. The amine has an activation energy to an epoxide group of the graphene oxide of about ?3 kcal/mol to about 8 kcal/mol. A method of forming a stacked structure using the coating composition is provided. A method of manufacturing a display device using the coating composition is provided.

Abstract: Proposed is a method for providing an emoticon input interface by a user terminal. The method may include displaying a first input interface for inputting an emoticon to be posted on a profile page of a user. The method may also include receiving a selection interaction of selecting a first emoticon to be posted on the profile page of the user via the first input interface, and displaying the selected first emoticon on the profile page of the user. The first input interface may include user custom information associated with emoticon historical information of the user. The user custom information may be identical to at least a part of user custom information for a second input interface for inputting an emoticon to be displayed in a chat message.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a battery system and a controlling method of the same. The battery system includes a plurality of rechargeable battery packs, and includes a first battery pack that is rechargeable, a second battery pack that is rechargeable independently of the first battery pack, a first switching element that switches the first battery pack between at least a charging node and a discharging node, a second switching element that switches the second battery pack between at least the charging node and the discharging node, and a controller that controls switching states of the first switching element and the second switching element based on usage states and states of charge of the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and thus it is possible to effectively charge a high capacity and high output battery pack.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus may include an electric water pump to pump coolant, a coolant channel in fluid communication with a cooling target and the electric water pump, and a thermoelectric device including a higher-temperature part and a lower-temperature part. The thermoelectric device may cool the coolant flowing into the coolant channel. The cooling apparatus may include a first heat sink disposed adjacent to the higher-temperature part, a second heat sink disposed adjacent to the coolant channel, and a cooling fan provided adjacent to the first heat sink. The cooling apparatus may include an air duct forming a first fluid line where air passes through only the first heat sink and is then discharged by operation of the cooling fan and forming a second fluid line where air passes through the first heat sink and the second heat sink and is then discharged by the operation of the cooling fan.

Abstract: A display device in accordance with some embodiments may include a base layer, a first bank pattern and a second bank pattern on the base layer, and spaced apart from each other in a first direction, a first electrode overlapping the first bank pattern, a second electrode overlapping the second bank pattern, and a light emitting element aligned between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein a distance between an end of the first electrode and an end of the first bank pattern differs from a distance between an end of the second electrode and an end of the second bank pattern in the first direction.

Abstract: A refrigerant module for a vehicle includes: a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between a refrigerant introduced therein and a working fluid; a valve manifold connected to the heat exchanger and having a refrigerant flow path formed inside to supply the refrigerant to the heat exchanger or to bypass the refrigerant; and a plurality of valve assemblies mounted on the valve manifold to control a flow of the refrigerant flowing in the refrigerant flow path.

Abstract: A display device includes a driving frequency calculator configured to divide output image data into central, intermediate, and peripheral images respectively corresponding to central, intermediate, and peripheral visual field regions, calculate spatial frequencies of the central image, the intermediate image, and the peripheral image, calculate critical flicker frequencies of the central visual field region, the intermediate visual field region, and the peripheral visual field region based on the spatial frequencies and based on viewing angles of the central visual field region, the intermediate visual field region, and the peripheral visual field region, and determine driving frequencies of the central visual field region, the intermediate visual field region, and the peripheral visual field region based on the critical flicker frequencies, and a display panel configured to display an image based on the output image data and based on the driving frequencies.

Abstract: Provided are stretchable electronics and a method for manufacturing the same. The stretchable electronics may include a substrate, a plurality of electronic elements disposed to be spaced apart from each other on the substrate, and a wire structure disposed on the substrate to connect the plurality of electronic elements to each other. The wire structure may include an insulator extending from one of the electronic elements to the other of the adjacent electronic elements and a metal wire configured to cover a top surface and side surfaces of the insulator. The insulator may include at least one bent part in a plan view.

Abstract: A storage system includes a non-volatile memory (NVM) device, having a memory cell array, and a storage controller. The storage controller receives a write command and data from a host and controls the NVM device to write the data in the memory cell array. Additionally, the storage controller determines a memory region of the memory cell array in which the data will be written, clusters a plurality of word lines into a plurality of groups on the basis of feature information of the plurality of word lines, rearranges an access order in units of groups according to the feature information, and accesses the word lines in the rearranged order to write the data in the memory region.

Abstract: An embodiment heat pump system includes a valve module for controlling a flow of a coolant, a first line connected to the valve module, an electrical component on the first line, a second line connected to the first line and the valve module, a radiator on the second line, a third line connected to the valve module, wherein the battery module is on the third line, a fourth line connected to the valve module and the third line, a fifth line connected to the valve module, a chiller on the fifth line, a sixth line connected to the first line, and a seventh line connected to the third line, wherein an end of the sixth line and an end of the seventh line are respectively connected to the chiller such that the sixth line and the seventh line may be connected to the fifth line through the chiller.

Abstract: A display device comprises a substrate, a first electrode and a second electrode disposed on the substrate, a first insulating layer disposed on the first electrode and the second electrode, first light emitting elements disposed on the first insulating layer, a first connection electrode disposed on the first electrode to contact first ends of the first light emitting elements and a second connection electrode disposed on the second electrode to contact second ends of the first light emitting elements, a second insulating layer disposed on the first light emitting elements, the first connection electrode and the second connection electrode, second light emitting elements disposed on the second insulating layer, a third connection electrode disposed on the first connection electrode to contact first ends of the second light emitting elements, and a fourth connection electrode disposed on the second connection electrode to contact second ends of the second light emitting elements.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a serverless computing method and apparatus, and more particularly, to a serverless computing method and apparatus using mutual monitoring between network edges. The serverless computing method according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises monitoring, by an event handler of the first network edge, an event occurring in the second network edge, generating, by an event generating module of the second network edge, an event response signal through filtering on the event in response to the event occurring, transmitting, by an event delivery module of the second network edge, the event response signal to the event handler of the first network edge, and scaling an application, by an auto-scaler, in the first network edge based on the event response signal.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for compacting indirect blocks. For example, an object is represented as a structure comprising data blocks within which data of the object is stored and indirect blocks comprising block numbers of where the data blocks are located in storage. Block numbers within a set of indirect blocks are compacted into a compacted indirect block comprising a base block number, a count of additional block numbers after the base block number in the compacted indirect block, and a pattern of the block numbers in the compacted indirect block. The compacted indirect block is stored into memory for processing access operations to the object. Storing compacted indirect blocks into memory allows for more block numbers to be stored within memory. This improves the processing of access operations because reading the block numbers from memory is faster than loading the block numbers from disk.

Abstract: An ink includes a solvent, and light-emitting elements dispersed in the solvent, each of the light-emitting elements comprising semiconductor layers and an insulating film partially surrounding outer surfaces of the semiconductor layers, wherein the solvent has Hansen solubility parameters of a polarity parameter between about 4 and about 9 and a hydrogen bonding parameter between about 6 and about 11.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a tunnel boring machine (TBM) operation simulation equipment includes: a server in which education information a is stored; and an instruction client unit. According to the present invention, it is possible to improve the TBM operation capability of TBM drivers and trainees by providing a TBM simulation environment in which the construction environment is realistically simulated.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for compacting indirect blocks. For example, an object is represented as a structure comprising data blocks within which data of the object is stored and indirect blocks comprising block numbers of where the data blocks are located in storage. Block numbers within a set of indirect blocks are compacted into a compacted indirect block comprising a base block number, a count of additional block numbers after the base block number in the compacted indirect block, and a pattern of the block numbers in the compacted indirect block. The compacted indirect block is stored into memory for processing access operations to the object. Storing compacted indirect blocks into memory allows for more block numbers to be stored within memory. In this way, the block numbers are read from memory is faster than loading the block numbers from disk.