Abstract: A memory device includes a memory array configured as quad-level cell (QLC) memory and a control logic operatively coupled to the memory array. The control logic identifies a first two bits of particular pages of a QLC logical state. The control logic causes memory cells of the memory array to be coarse programmed with a threshold voltage distribution of a multi-level cell (MLC) logical state corresponding to the first two bits. The control logic reads the MLC logical state from the memory cells and a second two bits from a cache buffer to determine the QLC logical state. The control logic causes the memory cells to be further coarse programmed with a QLC threshold voltage distribution corresponding to the QLC logical state.

Abstract: Control logic in a memory device initiates a program operation including a first phase including applying a ramping voltage level to a set of wordlines of a memory device to boost a set of pillar voltages and a second phase including applying a set of programming pulses to a wordline associated with one or more memory cells of the memory device to be programmed to a set of programming levels, wherein each programming level of the set of programming levels is programmed by each programming pulse. During the first phase of the program operation, a first voltage applied to a drain-side select line (SGD) is adjusted from a first SGD voltage level to a second SGD voltage level.

Abstract: Control logic in a memory device, identifies a set of a plurality of memory cells associated with a selected wordline to be programmed to respective programming levels during a program operation and causes a set of a plurality of pillars with which the set of the plurality of memory cells are associated to be boosted to respective pillar voltages corresponding to the respective programming levels.

Abstract: A method of a first communication node may comprise: transmitting, to a second communication node, an initiation signal indicating to initiate a collection procedure of training data for a neural network; transmitting, to the second communication node, an information signal including network parameters of the first communication node; receiving, from the second communication node, the training data in response to the information signal; training the neural network using the training data; determining optimal network parameters using the trained neural network; and performing communication with the second communication node using the optimal network parameters.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a secondary battery according includes accommodating an electrode assembly, in which electrodes and separators are alternately stacked, in a can type battery case; primarily injecting an electrolyte through an injection hole; applying a pressure to the battery case while performing a formation process in a state in which the injection hole is opened; secondarily injecting the electrolyte through the injection hole after performing the formation process, and closing the injection hole.

Abstract: A system for detecting defects includes a memory configured to store a program of instructions; and a processor configured execute the program of instructions to convert an SEM image into an image layout, determine a search space based on performing first layout matching for the image layout and a design layout, match the image layout and the design layout based on performing the second layout matching in the search space, and output defect information based on detecting defects the matched image layout and the matched design layout. The SEM image is an image obtained based on photographing a semiconductor pattern formed on a semiconductor wafer using the design layout based on using a scanning electron microscope.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method of preparing an alkoxylated resol-type phenol resin and an alkoxylated resol-type phenol resin. An alkoxylated resol-type phenol resin prepared using the method is capable of obtaining a coating film having excellent corrosion resistance, salt resistance, and color characteristics may be prepared, and a composition including the alkoxylated resol-type phenol resin as a curing agent may be suitably used as an vanish for coating the interior of beverage cans.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composition comprising a Prunus persica extract for skin wrinkle reduction, anti-oxidation, skin regeneration, skin whitening, or wound healing. Exhibiting high effects of skin wrinkle reduction antioxidation, skin regeneration, skin whitening, or wound healing, the Prunus persica extract can find various applications in cosmetic products for skin wrinkle reduction, antioxidation, skin regeneration, skin whitening and medicinal topical formulations for wound healing.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition containing natural extracts for enhancement of innate immunity or antiviral use against influenza virus (PR8) or corona virus, wherein the composition promotes interferon secretion in the innate defense immune system to induce protection from the antiviral infection and thus can be effectively used for antiviral use.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition containing, as active ingredients, Panax ginseng, Adenophora triphylla, Wolfiporia extensa, Rehmannia glutinosa, and Mel for an antitussive, expectorant, or anti-inflammatory action, and a composition for preventing, alleviating, or treating a respiratory disease. The present invention provides a compositions having excellent effects compared with an existing antitussive agent and expectorant agent. The compositions of the present invention are a naturally derived material and has little cytotoxicity, and thus is expected to be safely used as a medicine or food composition having antitussive, expectorant, and anti-inflammatory effects.

Abstract: A method of preventing surge for a vehicle may include detecting, by a controller, whether tip-out of an accelerator pedal is detected, comparing, by the controller, a difference value, obtained by subtracting an exhaust pressure from an intake pressure in a combustion chamber of an engine, with a predetermined reference value when the tip-out of the accelerator pedal is detected, driving, by the controller, a supercharger disposed at the rear end portion of a turbocharger at a predetermined number of revolutions per minute, which is lower than a normal number of revolutions per minute, when the difference value is greater than the reference value, and opening a bypass valve, which performs opening or closing operation and is disposed in a bypass line that diverges from an upstream point of the supercharger and is connected to a downstream point of the supercharger.

Abstract: A method of preventing surge for a vehicle may include detecting, by a controller, whether tip-out of an accelerator pedal is detected, comparing, by the controller, a difference value, obtained by subtracting an exhaust pressure from an intake pressure in a combustion chamber of an engine, with a predetermined reference value when the tip-out of the accelerator pedal is detected, driving, by the controller, a supercharger disposed at the rear end portion of a turbocharger at a predetermined number of revolutions per minute, which is lower than a normal number of revolutions per minute, when the difference value is greater than the reference value, and opening a bypass valve, which performs opening or closing operation and is disposed in a bypass line that diverges from an upstream point of the supercharger and is connected to a downstream point of the supercharger.

Abstract: A method and system for controlling an EGR valve for a vehicle may include an adjusting step of reducing the amount of air flowing into an engine at operation points of the engine lower than a predetermined value at each of the operation points by a controller; a learning step of maintaining, as a reduction-learning amount, a reduction amount of the amount of air from the predetermined value before a malfunction occurs, by the controller, when a malfunction occurs in the engine due to the reduction in the amount of air; a compensating step of determining a compensating air amount at each of the operation points by applying the reduction amount to the predetermined value by the controller; and an EGR controlling step of controlling an EGR-opening amount to satisfy the compensating air amount for a current operation time after the compensating step.

Abstract: The pharmacokinetics and key technologies of the present invention are summarized in FIG. 1. Particularly, malignant misfolded proteins such as mutant huntingtin and alpha-synuclein are coagulated and grow into oligomeric coagulum ({circle around (1)}, {circle around (2)}, fibrillar coagulum ({circle around (3)}) and eventually inclusion body ({circle around (4)}). Young neurons produce a large amount of Nt-Arg through N-terminal arginylation ({circle around (5)}) of vesicle chaperones such as BiP secreted into the cytoplasm, and then arginylated BiP (R-BiP) is secreted binds to the misfolded proteins ({circle around (6)}). As a ligand, the Nt-Arg of R-BiP binds to the p62 ZZ domain ({circle around (7)}), and the normally inactivated closed form of p62 is changed to an open form, leading to structural activation ({circle around (8)}). As a result, PB1 and LC3-binding domains are exposed.

Abstract: A method for controlling an engine system having a supercharger and a turbocharger includes: an accelerator-pedal-opening-degree determination operation of determining whether an opening degree of an accelerator pedal detected after an engine starts is a first reference value or more; a first coolant temperature determination operation of determining whether, when the opening degree of the accelerator pedal is less than the first reference value, a detected temperature of a coolant is a second reference value or more; a second coolant temperature determination operation of determining whether the temperature of the coolant is the second reference value or more and is within a temperature threshold; and a boosting operation of calculating boosting contribution rates of the supercharger and the turbocharger, respectively, when the determined temperature of the coolant is within the temperature threshold and driving the supercharger and the turbocharger using the calculated boosting contribution rates.

Abstract: A method for controlling a supercharger of a vehicle includes: determining, at a first determination step, whether or not an engine operates in a cylinder deactivation (CDA) mode; calculating, at a second determination step, a difference value between a target boost pressure of a turbocharger and a current boost pressure of intake air boosted by the turbocharger, and determining whether or not the difference value is equal to or greater than a reference difference value; determining, at a third determination step, based on a current operating condition of the engine whether or not the supercharger is allowed to operate; determining, at a fourth determination step, a target rpm of the supercharger, and determining whether or not the target rpm is equal to or greater than a reference rpm; and operating the supercharger at an operating step.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a boosting control method of an engine for cylinder de-activation (CDA). The method includes: a CDA operable area confirming step of determining, by a controller based on a driving state of the engine, whether the CDA is in an operable area after the engine starts; an actual boosting deriving step of deriving a total target boosting from the controller and calculating the desired actual boosting; a supercharger operable area confirming step of determining, by the controller, whether the supercharger is in the operable area; a supercharger target rotation speed deriving step of deriving, by the controller, a target rotation speed of the supercharger; and a supercharger passage opening step of closing a bypass valve to open a supercharger passage.

Abstract: A method of controlling an engine system equipped with a supercharger may include determining a target value of boost pressure, depending on an rpm of an engine and then determining whether the supercharger is in an operable region, deducing a target rpm of the supercharger, based on a reference value previously input into the controller and a current state value of a vehicle input into the controller, when it has been determined in the operating-region determination that the supercharger is in the operable region, setting a maximum value, in the target rpm deduced in the target-rpm deduction, to a drive rpm of the supercharger, and verifying whether the set drive rpm is greater than or equal to a predetermined reference value previously input into the controller, and driving the supercharger at the set drive rpm, by closing the bypass valve to open the supercharger path.

Abstract: The pharmacokinetics and key technologies of the present invention are summarized in FIG. 1. Particularly, malignant misfolded proteins such as mutant huntingtin and alpha-synuclein are coagulated and grow into oligomeric coagulum ({circle around (1)}, {circle around (2)}, fibrillar coagulum ({circle around (3)}) and eventually inclusion body ({circle around (4)}). Young neurons produce a large amount of Nt-Arg through N-terminal arginylation ({circle around (5)}) of vesicle chaperones such as BiP secreted into the cytoplasm, and then arginylated BiP (R-BiP) is secreted binds to the misfolded proteins ({circle around (6)}). As a ligand, the Nt-Arg of R-BiP binds to the p62 ZZ domain ({circle around (7)}), and the normally inactivated closed form of p62 is changed to an open form, leading to structural activation ({circle around (8)}). As a result, PB1 and LC3-binding domains are exposed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for improving the tolerance of a plant to an abiotic stress and a method for promoting growing of a plant, comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the AtSRP (Arabidopsis thaliana stress related protein) of a plant. The present nucleotide sequence is involved in abiotic stress tolerance such as drought, low-temperature and salt stresses of plants. Therefore, the overexpressing transgenic plants have excellent tolerances to these abiotic stresses, whereby they may be useful as novel functional crops which are affected by climates and environments of the cultivated areas. In addition, where the plants are transformed with the present nucleotide sequence, the growth abilities of the transgenic plants are remarkably enhanced, whereby they may effectively used for cultivating the plants with novel function of rapid growing, and biomass.