Abstract: A display apparatus includes a substrate including a first area, and a second area adjacent to the first area; first to third light-emitting diodes that are arranged in the first area and include a color emission layer; an encapsulation layer overlapping the first to third light-emitting diodes, and including an inorganic layer and an organic layer; a first light shielding wall portion disposed on the encapsulation layer, the first light shielding wall portion including a 1-1-th opening portion, a 1-2-th opening portion, and a 1-3-th opening portion corresponding to the first to third light-emitting diodes, respectively; and a second light shielding wall portion disposed on the encapsulation layer and overlapping the second area. The first light shielding wall portion and the second light shielding wall portion are spaced apart from each other in a plan view.

Abstract: A structure including quantum dots formed in a surface control region, a method of forming a structure including quantum dots in a surface control region, a surface-controlled substrate provided with the structure including quantum dots, and a photoelectronic element using the same. The method includes forming multiple surface control layers that differ in etch resistance on a substrate, securing a surface control region on the substrate by forming control patterns having respectively different sizes in the respective surface control layers depending on the etch resistance values through an exposure process, forming the structure including quantum dots in the surface control region by using the plurality of surface control layers as masks, and removing the surface control layers.