Abstract: An electroluminescent device includes a first electrode and a second electrode facing each other; an emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a plurality of quantum dots and a first hole transporting material having a substituted or unsubstituted C4 to C20 alkyl group attached to a backbone structure; a hole transport layer disposed between the emission layer and the first electrode and including a second hole transporting material; and an electron transport layer disposed between the emission layer and the second electrode.

Abstract: A wafer manufacturing method, an epitaxial wafer manufacturing method, and a wafer and epitaxial wafer manufactured thereby, are provided. The wafer manufacturing method enables the manufacture of a wafer with a low density of micropipe defects and minimum numbers of particles and scratches. The epitaxial wafer manufacturing method enables the manufacture of an epitaxial wafer that has low densities of defects such as downfall, triangular, and carrot defects, exhibits excellent device characteristics, and improves the yield of devices.

Abstract: A quantum dot including a core that includes a first semiconductor nanocrystal including zinc and selenium, and optionally sulfur and/or tellurium, and a shell that includes a second semiconductor nanocrystal including zinc, and at least one of sulfur or selenium is disclosed. The quantum dot has an average particle diameter of greater than or equal to about 13 nm, an emission peak wavelength in a range of about 440 nm to about 470 nm, and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of an emission wavelength of less than about 25 nm. A method for preparing the quantum dot, a quantum dot-polymer composite including the quantum dot, and an electronic device including the quantum dot is also disclosed.

Abstract: A wafer manufacturing method, an epitaxial wafer manufacturing method, and a wafer and epitaxial wafer manufactured thereby, are provided. The wafer manufacturing method enables the manufacture of a wafer with a low density of micropipe defects and minimum numbers of particles and scratches. The epitaxial wafer manufacturing method enables the manufacture of an epitaxial wafer that has low densities of defects such as downfall, triangular, and carrot defects, exhibits excellent device characteristics, and improves the yield of devices.

Abstract: A multilayer capacitor includes a body including a multilayer structure in which a plurality of dielectric layers are stacked in a first direction and a plurality of internal electrodes stacked with the dielectric layer interposed therebetween and external electrodes formed outside the body and connected to the internal electrodes. The body includes an active portion and a side margin portion covering the active portion and opposing each other in a second direction, and 1<A2/M1?1.5 and A2<A1 in which A1 is an average grain size of the dielectric layers in a central region of the active portion, A2 is an average grain size of the dielectric layers at an active boundary part of the active portion adjacent to the side margin portion, and M1 is an average grain size of the dielectric layers in a central region of the side margin portion.

Abstract: A quantum dot light-emitting device including first electrode and a second electrode, a quantum dot layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, a first electron transport layer and a second electron layer disposed between the quantum dot layer and the second electrode. The second electron transport layer is disposed between the quantum dot layer and the first electron transport layer, wherein each of the first electron transport layer and the second electron transport layer includes an inorganic material. A lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level of the second electron transport layer is shallower than a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level of the first electron transport layer, and a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level of the quantum dot layer is shallower than a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level of the second electron transport layer. An electronic device including the quantum dot light-emitting device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a waste battery treatment method which includes preparing a waste battery including a waste positive electrode which includes an aluminum current collector and a positive electrode active material layer formed on at least one surface of the aluminum current collector, heat treating the waste battery at a temperature of 650° C. or higher in an air atmosphere or oxidizing atmosphere to convert the aluminum current collector into aluminum oxide, and recovering aluminum oxide powder and positive electrode active material powder from the heat-treated waste battery.

Abstract: A message server and a message processing apparatus including the same are provided. According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, when the device management module is not available to be used, a message is directly delivered to the application client through the third party message server so that the reliability of the message forwarded between a sender side and a receiver side can be ensured.

Abstract: A message server and a message processing apparatus including the same are provided. According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, when the device management module is not available to be used, a message is directly delivered to the application client through the third party message server so that the reliability of the message forwarded between a sender side and a receiver side can be ensured.

Abstract: In order to produce metallurgical grade silicon and solar cell grade polysilicon in batches, a method of the present invention comprises: a step of reduction in an arc furnace, consisting of removing C and CO in a silicon reduction atmosphere using silica stone and carbon black by an arc so as to produce metallurgical grade silicon; a step of refining by slag consisting of removing phosphorus (P) and boron (B) by slag; a step of refining by unidirectional solidification consisting of removing metal impurities (Fe, Al, Ti, Mn, etc.) by means of unidirectional solidification; and a step of steam plasma-electromagnetism continuous refining consisting of charging a furnace with the unidirectionally solidified silicon and removing boron (B) by a steam plasma torch.

Abstract: Provided is a computing apparatus for performing an alarm processing by managing a plurality of events related to at least one of health information and Korean medicine mibyeong information based on a hierarchical structure, the apparatus including a database configured to store the plurality of events in a hierarchical structure, a hierarchical information manager configured to manage a first identifier indicating a current event hierarchy identifier adjusted by applying a user feedback on an event alarm provided in advance, and a processor configured to provide a first event related to the first identifier among the plurality of events, wherein the plurality of events is stored in the hierarchical structure such that an event index, an event hierarchy identifier, and an event description are related to one another for each of the events.

Abstract: In order to produce metallurgical grade silicon and solar cell grade polysilicon in batches, a method of the present invention comprises: a step of reduction in an arc furnace, consisting of removing C and CO in a silicon reduction atmosphere using silica stone and carbon black by an arc so as to produce metallurgical grade silicon; a step of refining by slag consisting of removing phosphorus (P) and boron (B) by slag; a step of refining by unidirectional solidification consisting of removing metal impurities (Fe, Al, Ti, Mn, etc.) by means of unidirectional solidification; and a step of steam plasma-electromagnetism continuous refining consisting of charging a furnace with the unidirectionally solidified silicon and removing boron (B) by a steam plasma torch.

Abstract: In a message retransmission apparatus, a storage unit stores store a plurality of non-transmission messages, each being assigned a respective destination device to which delivery, over a communication network, is indicated as unsuccessful. A calculation unit sets a respective retransmission time for each of the plurality of non-transmission messages. A communication unit retransmits a given non-transmission message at a given respective retransmission time a given respective destination device, and, in response to an indication that delivery of the given non-transmission message over the communication network is successful, retransmits the other non-transmission messages to the respective destination devices without waiting for the respective retransmission times thereof.

Abstract: Provided is a constitutional disease pattern determination apparatus including a calculator to calculate a first deficiency and excess index and a first cold and heat condition index of a user based on clinical information on the user, and a determiner to determine, based on a first reference table corresponding to a first constitution, a first constitutional disease pattern corresponding to the first deficiency and excess index and the first cold and heat condition index among a plurality of constitutional disease patterns included in the first reference table, wherein the first constitution is a constitution classified to correspond to the user based on a Sasang constitution.

Abstract: In a message retransmission apparatus, a storage unit stores store a plurality of non-transmission messages, each being assigned a respective destination device to which delivery, over a communication network, is indicated as unsuccessful. A calculation unit sets a respective retransmission time for each of the plurality of non-transmission messages. A communication unit retransmits a given non-transmission message at a given respective retransmission time a given respective destination device, and, in response to an indication that delivery of the given non-transmission message over the communication network is successful, retransmits the other non-transmission messages to the respective destination devices without waiting for the respective retransmission times thereof.

Abstract: A cargo screen of a vehicle luggage room, the cargo screen may include a housing mounted at an upper portion of the vehicle luggage room in a horizontal direction and having a central portion to be foldable, a roller rotatably installed in the housing and having a cut central portion to be foldable, and a screen wound around an outer peripheral surface of the roller in the housing through a cut hole thereof or selectively unwound to the outside of the housing to cover the vehicle luggage room, and having a cut central portion to be foldable.

Abstract: A cargo screen structure may include a housing mounted at an upper portion of a vehicle luggage room in a horizontal direction, a shaft rotatably provided in the housing, a screen provided on an outer peripheral surface of the shaft and wound and unwound from the housing, and a switch provided in the housing and set to be turned on/off according to a winding amount of the screen around the outer peripheral surface of the shaft.

Abstract: A cargo screen structure may include a housing mounted at an upper portion of a vehicle luggage room in a horizontal direction, a shaft rotatably provided in the housing, a screen provided on an outer peripheral surface of the shaft and wound and unwound from the housing, and a switch provided in the housing and set to be turned on/off according to a winding amount of the screen around the outer peripheral surface of the shaft.

Abstract: A cargo screen of a vehicle luggage room, the cargo screen may include a housing mounted at an upper portion of the vehicle luggage room in a horizontal direction and having a central portion to be foldable, a roller rotatably installed in the housing and having a cut central portion to be foldable, and a screen wound around an outer peripheral surface of the roller in the housing through a cut hole thereof or selectively unwound to the outside of the housing to cover the vehicle luggage room, and having a cut central portion to be foldable.

Abstract: A class library footprint file for authenticating a dynamically loaded class library during the execution of a JAVA application and a JAVA application authentication method using the class library footprint file are provided. The class library footprint file includes: authentication information for verifying the integrity of one or more class libraries used by the JAVA application before the JAVA application is executed. A list of class libraries to be authenticated is provided, in advance, to a JAVA application.