Abstract: An apparatus for measuring an electrophysiological signal of a three-dimensional (3D) cell and a method of fabricating the apparatus. The apparatus includes a flexible substrate including a plurality of protrusions, and a conductor formed on the plurality of protrusions, and regions other than the plurality of protrusions are partially removed from the flexible substrate.

Abstract: A motor driving device for a refrigerator is disclosed. The refrigerator includes a condenser to condense refrigerant, a fan module mounted to one surface of the condenser so as to blow air; a first circuit unit including a microprocessor to output a speed command signal and a filter unit connected to an output terminal of the microprocessor so as to filter the output speed command signal; and a second circuit unit including an inverter controller to output an inverter switching control signal on the basis of the filtered speed command signal and an inverter to convert an input DC power into a predetermined-frequency AC power by performing a switching operation in response to the inverter switching control signal and to output the AC power to a fan motor contained in the fan module. Thus, when the motor is driven, noise is greatly reduced.