Abstract: A method of increasing expression of a molecular chaperon by a cell and/or enhancing the activity of a molecular chaperon in cells is provided. The method comprises treating a cell that is exposed to a physiological stress which induces expression of a molecular chaperon by the cell with an effective amount of a certain hydroxylamine derivative to increase the stress. Alternatively, an hydroxylamine derivative can be administrated to a cell before it is exposed to a physiological stress which induces expression of a molecular chaperon by the cell. Preferably, the cell to which an hydroxylamine derivative is administered is an eukaryotic cell. The hydroxylamine derivative corresponds to the formulae (I) or (II). The invention also provides novel hydroxylamine derivatives falling within the scope of the formulae (I) and (II) as well as pharmaceutical and/or cosmetical compositions comprising the said compounds.

Abstract: A method of increasing expression of a molecular chaperon by a cell and/or enhancing the activity of a molecular chaperon in cells is provided. The method comprises treating a cell that is exposed to a physiological stress which induces expression of a molecular chaperon by the cell with an effective amount of a certain hydroxylamine derivative to increase the stress. Alternatively, an hydroxylamine derivative can be administrated to a cell before it is exposed to a physiological stress which induces expression of a molecular chaperon by the cell. Preferably, the cell to which an hydroxylamine derivative is administered is an eukaryotic cell. The hydroxylamine derivative corresponds to the formulae (I) or (II). The invention also provides novel hydroxylamine derivatives falling within the scope of the formulae (I) and (II) as well as pharmaceutical and/or cosmetical compositions comprising the said compounds.

Abstract: A method of increasing expression of a molecular chaperon by a cell and/or enhancing the activity of a molecular chaperon in cells is provided. The method comprises treating a cell that is exposed to a physiological stress which induces expression of a molecular chaperon by the cell with an effective amount of a certain hydroxylamine derivative to increase the stress. Alternatively, an hydroxylamine derivative can be administrated to a cell before it is exposed to a physiological stress which induces expression of a molecular chaperon by the cell. Preferably, the cell to which an hydroxylamine derivative is administered is an eukaryotic cell. The hydroxylamine derivative corresponds to the formulae (I) or (II). The invention also provides novel hydroxylamine derivatives falling within the scope of the formulae (I) and (II) as well as pharmaceutical and/or cosmetical compositions comprising the said compounds.

Abstract: A method of increasing expression of a molecular chaperon by a cell and/or enhancing the activity of a molecular chaperon in cells is provided. The method comprises treating a cell that is exposed to a physiological stress which induces expression of a molecular chaperon by the cell with an effective amount of a certain hydroxylamine derivative to increase the stress. Alternatively, an hydroxylamine derivative can be administrated to a cell before it is exposed to a physiological stress which induces expression of a molecular chaperon by the cell. Preferably, the cell to which an hydroxylamine derivative is administered is an eukaryotic cell. The hydroxylamine derivative corresponds to the formulae (I) or (II). The invention also provides novel hydroxylamine derivatives falling within the scope of the formulae (I) and (II) as well as pharmaceutical and/or cosmetical compositions comprising the said compounds.

Abstract: A method of increasing expression of a molecular chaperon by a cell and/or enhancing the activity of a molecular chaperon in cells is provided. The method comprises treating a cell that is exposed to a physiological stress which induces expression of a molecular chaperon by the cell with an effective amount of a certain hydroxylamine derivative to increase the stress. Alternatively, an hydroxylamine derivative can be administrated to a cell before it is exposed to a physiological stress which induces expression of a molecular chaperon by the cell. Preferably, the cell to which an hydroxylamine derivative is administered is an eukaryotic cell. The hydroxylamine derivative corresponds to the formulae (I) or (II).

Abstract: A method of increasing expression of a molecular chaperon by a cell and/or enhancing the activity of a molecular chaperon in cells is provided. The method comprises treating a cell that is exposed to a physiological stress which induces expression of a molecular chaperon by the cell with an effective amount of a certain hydroxylamine derivative to increase the stress. Alternatively; an hydroxylamine derivative can be administrated to a cell before it is exposed to a physiological stress which induces expression of a molecular chaperon by the cell. Preferably, the cell to which an hydroxylamine derivative is administered is an eukaryotic cell. The hydroxylamine derivative corresponds to the formulae (I) or (II). The invention also provides novel hydroxyl amine derivatives falling within the scope of the formulae (I) and (II) as well as pharmaceutical and/or cosmetical compositions comprising the said compounds.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the treatment of fermentation broths containing vitamin B.sub.12 and other corrinoids, and for the preparation of vitamin B.sub.12 concentrates or crystalline vitamin B.sub.12 wherein the fermentation broth is contacted with a nonionic, macroreticular, adsorption resin having a pore size of 10.sup.-8 to 10.sup.-7 meters, a grain diameter of at least 10.sup.-4 m, and a specific surface area of at least 200 m.sup.2 /g so that the macromolecular adsorption resin adsorbs fermentation broth additives and metabolites of fermentation, whereas the intact microorganism cells containing the vitamin B.sub.12 remain in solution. The solution of intact vitamin B.sub.12 -containing cells is then treated further to obtain vitamin B.sub.12 in still purer form.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new microbiological process for the preparation of clavine alkaloids of the general formula (I), ##STR1## wherein R stands for hydroxymethyl or methyl group, by cultivation of a Claviceps fusiformis strain in liquid submerged culture medium containing sources of carbon, nitrogen, mineral salts and optionally other additives, under aerobic conditions, in which a Claviceps fusiformis variant strain deposited under No. 00211 is used as alkaloid-producing strain. The invention further relates to a biologically pure culture of the Claviceps fusiformis variant strain No. 00211 obtained in a process in which a Claviceps fusiformis strain No. 00164 is grown in a solid culture medium containing sources of carbon, nitrogen, mineral salts and agar as well as an additive promoting the formation of cytochrome P-450, followed by the selective isolation of the new strain No. 00211.

Abstract: Microbiological conversions of cyclodextrins are intensified by adding to the reaction mixture 0.2 to 3 moles of .alpha.-, .beta.- or .gamma.-cyclodextrin or an optical mixture thereof pro mole of the steroid substrate, before, at the beginning or during the conversion. The cyclodextrin if desired, can be removed after the reaction. In this way the reaction velocity can be increased, the reaction time is reduced, the substrate concentration in the solution, i.e. its solubility is increased or the so called product inhibition may be avoided. In certain cases of more alternatives the desired reaction can be catalyzed and in this manner the selectivity is increased.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new method for controlling the level and distribution of alkaloids produced by Claviceps purpurea variant strains capable of producing primarily ergocornine, .alpha.-ergocryptine and .beta.-ergocryptine under saprophytic conditions. According to the invention a compound of the biosynthesis path of isoleucine or a compound which promotes the formation of isoleucine by biochemical control is added to the fermentation broth. In other respects fermentation is performed under conditions known per se.By the method of the invention the ratio of .alpha.- and .beta.-ergocryptine formed in the fermentation broth can be adjusted to the optimum value.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for the preparation of ergot alkaloids, primarily ergocornine and .beta.-ergocryptine, by subjecting a Claviceps purpurea strain to fermentation under aerobic conditions in a culture medium which contains carbon and nitrogen sources, mineral salts and optionally other additives, too. According to the invention a Claviceps purpurea variant strain deposited under No. MNG 00186 is applied as alkaloid-producing strain.

Abstract: The invention concerns new compounds of the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, phenyl or phenyl substituted with at least one alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, halogen, alkoxy having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or nitro;R.sup.2 is alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 5 to 7 carbon atoms, phenyl, or phenyl substituted with at least one alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, halogen, alkoxy having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or nitro;R.sup.3 is alkoxy having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or hydrogen,R.sup.4 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms unsubstituted or substituted with alkoxy having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, benzyloxy or cyano, phenyl, or phenyl substituted with at least one alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, halogen, alkoxy having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or nitro, or phenyl-(C.sub.1-4 alkyl)-alkyl, in which the phenyl moiety may bear an alkoxy substituent having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a halogen;m and n are each 0, 1 or 2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition or quaternary salt thereof.