Abstract: The invention relates to compositions for reducing viral load in bees, the compositions comprising at least one plant secondary metabolite and a carrier comprising at least one sweetener, kits comprising such compositions, and methods of using such compositions to reduce viral load in bees.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus for use in optical lithography can include a holder and a plurality of UV-LED modules carried by the holder and disposed in an array. A respective plurality of collimating lenses can be disposed in an array corresponding to the array of UV-LED modules. The plurality of UV-LED modules and the respective plurality of collimating lenses can provide a respective plurality of distinct beams of UV light. The plurality of collimating lenses may be spaced from the plurality of UV-LED modules and spaced from the exposure plane and have an optical configuration providing a composite beam of UV light formed from the plurality of distinct beams of UV light in which each beam inside the periphery of the array overlaps each adjacent beam by at least 70% at the exposure plane. A method for directing light onto an exposure plane in an optical lithography procedure is provided.

Abstract: A collapsible easel module adapted to support flip-chart pads or other material to be displayed, the module having a frame constituted by a front element adjustably coupled to a rear element to assume a caret-like formation. The front element is formed by upper and lower horizontal arms bridged by a pair of parallel legs at points of connection displaced from the ends of the arms. The rear element is formed by corresponding arms bridged by a single leg at points of connection at the midpoint of the arms. The complementary ends of the upper arms of the front and rear elements are joined together by double-barreled couplers which permit adjustment of the caret angle, the same couplers being adapted to accommodate the upper arms of the frame elements of a like module, whereby a series of modules may be joined together to create a free-standing display wall.