Abstract: An image can be represented by an M .times. N array I(*,*) of image points, where each point I(i,j) over the ranges 0.ltoreq.i<M and 0.ltoreq.j<N is a value or set of values representing the color and intensity of an elemental portion of the image. A black/white image can be represented by assigning to each point I(i,j) a value of 1 or 0. Thus, I(i,j) = 1 represents a black elemental image area, while I(i,j) = 0 represents a white elemental area.Image manipulation refers to that class of image processing operations which sequentially process the points of a rectangular array I(0,0), I(0,1), . . . ,I(0,n-1), I(1,0), . . . ,I(M-1, N-1) in such a way that the resulting points must be mapped into coordinate points of the array. The image processing operations satisfying this constraint include the blanking of an image area, the combining of two images, the changing of scale of an image by a rotational amount, rotation by 90.degree. , and the creation of a mirror image.