Abstract: A photovoltaic module having one or more photovoltaic cells (2) positioned in a space between a front sheet (4) and a back sheet (5), the space being filled with an encapsulant material (6). The photovoltaic module (1) has a plurality of ribbons (3) providing an electrical interconnection of the one or more photovoltaic cells (2). A single visible-light absorbing layer (7) is present having a pattern which includes partial areas aligned with the plurality of ribbons (3). The partial areas have a width (w+e) which is equal to a width (w) of the associated ribbon (3) plus a symmetrically applied extension width (e). The extension width (e) and height (h) are determined according to the equation: 2 ? h w + e < tan ? ( 90 - sin - 1 ? ( 1 ? / ? n E ) ) wherein nE is the refractive index of the encapsulant material (6). The single visible-light absorbing layer (7) is provided on an internal face of the front sheet (4).

Abstract: Solar cell and method of manufacturing a solar cell. The solar cell has a silicon substrate (2) and a layer (4) disposed on a substrate side (2a) of the silicon substrate (2). It further has a contact structure (6) extending through the layer (4) from a cell side (1a) of the solar cell (1) to the silicon substrate (2). The layer (4) is composed of a polycrystalline silicon layer (8) and a tunnel oxide layer (10) interposed between the polycrystalline silicon layer (8) and the silicon substrate (2).

Abstract: Corrosion effects in a solar cell are measured by means of a conduit with electrolytic fluid. The rim of an open end of the conduit is placed against the surface of the solar cell to expose a selected area of the solar cell to the electrolytic fluid, leaving a free part of the planar surface of the solar cell outside the exposed area. Current and/or voltage fluctuations are measured in an electric circuit that contains the electrolytic fluid, an interface between the electrolytic fluid on the exposed area and a conductor layer on the planar surface, and a contact to the conductor layer in the free part.

Abstract: Corrosion effects in a solar cell are measured by means of a conduit with electrolytic fluid. The rim of an open end of the conduit is placed against the surface of the solar cell to expose a selected area of the solar cell to the electrolytic fluid, leaving a free part of the planar surface of the solar cell outside the exposed area. Current and/or voltage fluctuations are measured in an electric circuit that contains the electrolytic fluid, an interface between the electrolytic fluid on the exposed area and a conductor layer on the planar surface, and a contact to the conductor layer in the free part.

Abstract: A photo-voltaic cell has a first and second two-dimensional array of contact points on the first surface, each coupled to a respective one of base and emitter areas in or on the semi-conductor body. Electrically separate first and second conductor structures on the first surface emanate from each contact point, coupled to contact points of the first and second two-dimensional array respectively. The first conductor structure comprises sets of first conductor line branches, the first conductor line branches of each set branching out from a respective one of the contact points of the first two-dimensional array in at least three successive different directions at less than a hundred and eighty degrees to each other.