Abstract: Methods and apparatus for moving a molten metal are provided in which the electromagnetic inductor includes at least two pairs of electromagnetic pole pairs and in which a first magnetic field component is generated between one pole in a first electromagnetic pole pair and a second pole in a different electromagnetic pole pair, and in which a second magnetic field component is generated between the two poles in one or more electromagnetic pole pairs, the second magnetic field component thereby generating one or more eddy currents in the molten metal. Those eddy currents are generally parallel to the surface of the molten metal and so have greater magnitude and extent that eddy currents perpendicular to the surface. Such eddy currents provide useful additional movement to the molten metal, for instance for stirring purposes, particularly when the depth of molten metal is small.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for moving a molten metal are provided in which the electromagnetic inductor includes at least two pairs of electromagnetic pole pairs and in which a first magnetic field component is generated between one pole in a first electromagnetic pole pair and a second pole in a different electromagnetic pole pair, and in which a second magnetic field component is generated between the two poles in one or more electromagnetic pole pairs, the second magnetic field component thereby generating one or more eddy currents in the molten metal. Those eddy currents are generally parallel to the surface of the molten metal and so have greater magnitude and extent that eddy currents perpendicular to the surface. Such eddy currents provide useful additional movement to the molten metal, for instance for stirring purposes, particularly when the depth of molten metal is small.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of treating conditions or diseases in which apoptosis is either desirable or undesirable. In particular, in conditions whereby it is desirable to inhibit unwanted cellular proliferation such as in cancers or in hyperproliferative disorders, treatment with an agent that promotes opening of the mitochondrial apoptosis induced channel (MAC) is beneficial. In conditions whereby there is unwanted apoptosis, such as in certain conditions exemplified by cell death at the site of injury, such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, myocardial infarct, traumatic brain injury and in spinal cord injury, it is desirable to treat with an agent that prevents opening of the MAC, or promotes closure of the MAC. The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such agents. Methods of screening for novel agents are also disclosed.